Analysis of India

This is a 8-page paper that breaks down the business atmosphere of India with relations to neighboring nations. As the title says, this paper is a genuine and enlightening synopsis of an enormous rundown of national insights. It covers populace, religion, exchange, governmental issues, work power, transport and even which fish they get. It covers some advanced inner/outside political history and worldwide exchange history. An extremely valuable exposition for anybody wishing to find out about India particularly with respect to trade.From the Paper: Arranged in the South East Asia flanking with the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, the nation India is a nation that is connected with Burma, Pakistan and Bangladesh. Having a place with perhaps the most seasoned human progress the Indus Civilizations, its verifiable setting could be followed as long as 5000 years. India has likewise been dependent upon a progression of successes like the intrusion of Aryans, the Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish and Arabs. They were likewise exposed to a progression of political conflict when the nation was trying for its autonomy in the twentieth century. Today it has a bureaucratic republic government built up on fifteenth August, the nation has a President as the head of state, while the leader of the legislature is the Prime Minister. The lawful framework is controlled by a bureau of committee of clergymen who are designated by the president at the suggestion of the Prime Minister.

The Expectancy Theory Of Motivation And Company X Management Essay

The Expectancy Theory Of Motivation And Company X Management Essay Organization X delivers a line of sound items for the business expert and values the endeavors to give the greatest accessible. Moreover, the organization touted high creation principles while achieving their objectives. Execution of a recently planned creation procedure to empower workers to accomplish their creation objectives happened and their endeavors have not been effective. Perceptions have incorporated an absence of exertion to ace the procedure, inadequacy in arriving at those objectives by the individuals who have aced it, and an absence of concern in regards to objective accomplishment from people who are routinely top makers. Through meetings and casual discussions that were led, worker concerns were communicated and the outcome has been a breakdown in the connections and segments in the anticipation hypothesis of inspiration. The mentality of Company Xs creation staff and the absence of inspiration to finish objectives is an immediate consequence of a breakdown in the c onnections inside the anticipation hypothesis of inspiration. Building the Expectancy Theory of Motivation Definition Victor Vrooms hope hypothesis of inspiration relates that workers inside an association will be propelled when they hold certain convictions to be valid. The quality of an inclination to act with a particular goal in mind relies upon the quality of a desire that the demonstration will be trailed by a given result and the allure of the result to the individual (Robbins Judge, 2007). The hypothesis is contained three connections, or factors, that act a lot of like a chain. At the point when every one of the three are effectively fulfilled, at that point inspiration is completely accomplished. At the point when one of the connections is broken or out of sync, at that point it isn't. The outcome is a joined absence of proficiency, least exertion, and no objective accomplishment. Segment 1: Expectancy Anticipation is based upon the conviction that exertion applied will bring forth acknowledgment of great execution. A few components can meddle with this bit of the inspiration condition. These factors incorporate the conviction that a specialist has what it takes and capacity to play out their undertakings effectively, how troublesome the objectives are to accomplish and where they fall corresponding to the laborers desires, and whether there is any power over their presentation. For instance, if an offices individuals share the conviction that regardless of how hard they work, the probability of getting a decent presentation evaluation is low, at that point inspiration will be low because of a low degree of hope (Robbins Judge, 2007). Part 2: Instrumentality Instrumentality is characterized as the conviction that in the event that an individual meets or surpasses desires, at that point they get a more noteworthy award than the individuals who don't. Instrumentality will be low if the prizes follow all degrees of execution with no differentiation between what is adequate and unsatisfactory. It is affected significantly by the trust representatives have in their pioneers and the probability that the guarantees of remuneration for good execution is acceptable. Another factor that decides the degree of instrumentality present is exhibited when the laborers don't confide in the pioneers, yet can control the prizes framework through another methods. This control raises instrumentality. Arrangements additionally influence instrumentality; the proper documentation of pay and different rewards and advantages adds to raising degrees of instrumentality. Part 3: Valence The third part inside the anticipation hypothesis of inspiration is valence. Valence is the degree of significant worth that an individual places on the prizes as a component of their needs, objectives, and qualities. The representatives inclinations will decide the degree of valence present for inspiration. On the off chance that the specialist wants a specific prize yet gets another, the degree of valence will be lower. More significant levels of valence are available when the comprehension of the individual workers objectives are comprehended by their pioneer and are then considered alongside the connection between their endeavors and execution. Great exertion compares to great execution when a solid relationship is available (Robbins Judge, 2007). Rectifying the Motivation Problem Organization X is encountering brokenness inside the hope hypothesis of inspiration and in this way, inspiration is low. The laborers are not inspired to consume the additional push to satisfy the high guidelines and creation objectives subsequently. Hope is low, similar to the degrees of instrumentality and valence. Revising these issues is accomplished by tending to worries to raise the degrees of these three factors. Raising Expectancy Levels Hope levels at Company X are languishing. The representatives don't invest any additional energy into acing the new creation process and the individuals who have done so are not investing the energy to accomplish objectives as the organization has coordinated. A portion of the workers expressed that they cannot be effective in light of the fact that they don't accept they have the right stuff to do as such. Recommendations to address these issues would incorporate giving additional preparation time to empower the representatives to pick up the hand skill they accept they are inadequate. This would help their trust in the new procedure and give them the devices to accomplish the new objectives while cultivating the conviction that the objectives are sensible to meet. Boosting their aptitudes and capacity to finish the errands effectively prompts better and furthermore returns control of their apparent presentation levels back to the workers. Raising Instrumentality Levels Instrumentality levels are vacillating at Company X also. In Supervisor Bs casual discussions with Supervisor As representatives, it is noticed that there is no distinction in pay increments for laborers who meet departmental objectives and the individuals who don't. Laborers feel as though they are surrendered to the prizes framework right now set up and they dont see a distinction in compensation increments or rewards dependent on merit. Acknowledgment is in this manner non-existent, and the award for all representatives paying little heed to execution sends an inappropriate message. Laborers don't need to meet objectives to get prizes and they are not persuaded to work to accomplish the better expectations. Truth be told, compensation is possibly influenced if execution is moderate. Since the representatives don't feel the acknowledgment for a vocation very much done exists together with increasingly severe rules for when a poor activity is done, they don't invest the additional e nergy. This relationship in the anticipation hypothesis is broken. An improved arrangement of taking care of execution examinations should be actualized. In a perfect world, it would better perceive those people who are investing in additional amounts of energy to guarantee that objectives are being met while giving input to low-entertainers on territories for development. Worker impetuses like raises and rewards would be dependent upon meeting or surpassing certain rules. In rebuilding, use execution examinations, or individual execution pair with departmental and creation objectives to all the more likely test and prize the laborers. A low presentation evaluation and poor or fair execution would not be compensated at indistinguishable levels from those with high-scored execution examinations or more normal creation. By making a layered reward framework, the rewards would be bigger and make a craving to achieve that degree of remuneration. When this happens and is officially archived inside the organization approaches, instrumentality levels rise a nd are remedied in light of the fact that certainty and trust in their pioneers would be reestablished. Raising Valence Further conversations with Supervisor As workers revealed a break in the third bit of the anticipation hypothesis of inspiration, valence. The prizes offered by the organization don't meet the individual objectives of the laborers. The reward offered to representatives is too little after expenses and the laborers recognition is that it does not merit their exertion; after charges come out of their reward, additional time pay outperforms the sum a reward would give. This data clarifies one more key breakdown in the hope hypothesis of inspiration. The framework needs rebuilding with the goal that the extra meets the individual objectives of the creation laborers. The Whats in it for me? question needs an appropriate answer that does this. On the off chance that a representative is keen on an advancement, reward, raise, or something else, its significant that their input is mulled over in offering a prize that has individual incentive for the laborers. Boosting the valence level is fulfilled and once the factors of significant worth, needs, objectives, and inclinations are met, inspiration will increment. End The issue is three-layered yet in working inside the three connections and by separating each piece, the pioneers at Company X can support inspiration by raising the three degrees of anticipation, instrumentality, and valence. By following an agenda of issues to address, emerging from the hypothesis itself, and by offering compensations in a fitting manner, the pioneer is empowered to embrace [an] impact system that upgrades levels of individual inspiration (Zerbe et al, 2001). Since a representatives hope her or his judgment about the engaging quality and likelihood of an imminent prize unequivocally impacts that people readiness to take on another errand, the outcome will be more exertion exhausted by the laborers to meet objectives they see as achievable (Newstrom, 2007).

How Long Should my Resume be for College Applications TKG

How Long Should my Resume be for College Applications Creating a resume is always a good idea. It’s a way to keep your accomplishments organized and most colleges allow students the option of uploading a resume with their application. It’s also great practice for the future. I think we can all agree on the above. But here’s where we often get pushback. Your resume should be one page long. A resume is supposed to be a snapshot of your life thus far, and snapshots aren’t three pages long. When we tell our clients this, they usually freak out. You probably have more than one page worth of accomplishments under your belt. You’re engaged, committed, dedicated and you want those efforts to cross the desk of the admissions committee. We completely understand. But trust us that there’s a way to make a one-page resume work. Before you do, we’ve found that creating a master resume is helpful. Think of it as your home base. It’s a long list of your academics, honors awards, extracurricular activities, etc. This one can be as long a s you want! You’ll refer back to this constantly as you start to edit things down.Generally speaking, and yours might look a little different depending upon your areas of expertise, a resume for college applications will include: A header with your name and contact information High school information: expected graduation date, GPA, standardized test scoresAcademic awards and distinctions Extracurricular activities Work experience Hobbies, personal interests, and any special skills you might haveTo shorten things down to a page, look back at your master resume and start making some edits. Don’t kill your darlings, but be honest with yourself about what needs to make the final cut. For example, that club that you were in freshman year for six months probably doesn’t need to end up on your one-pager. Formatting, editing, and organizing your document is key. There are countless ways to do it. Condense the descriptions of your extracurricular activities to one line. Look at example s online and draw inspiration. These are skills that you’re going to rely on heavily once you graduate, so now is a good time to start practicing.  Remember that your resume is meant to enhance your applications, so focus on the things that help explain who you are and what you care about. Focus on quality, not quantity. The goal is for the admissions committee to walk away with a better understanding of your unique interests.  Need help streamlining the application process? Contact us here.

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Critical Instructional Components For Helping Students Learn

Introduction One of the identified critical instructional components for helping students learn to read is vocabulary. Since the National Reading Panel (2000) and the National Early Literacy Panel (2009) reported that strong early oral vocabulary knowledge is a predictor for later successful reading outcomes, an increased research and teaching focus in this area has arisen. The achievement gap that is a central concern in education and society today is associated to a â€Å"word gap† that begins early in life. Hart and Risley (1995) identified in their seminal study that by the age of four, children from low-income families hear 30 million less words than their peers from professional families. Although there are some researchers that†¦show more content†¦The guiding questions are: What are the characteristics of effective interventions that positively impact at-risk preschoolers’ vocabulary knowledge? How could preschool teachers potentially use these elements in their classrooms? Definitions At-Risk Children In their review of research, Snell et al. (2015) identify students â€Å"at-risk† as ones who are more likely to enter school behind in their language development. The intervention and control groups from the Roskos Burstein (2011) 12-week mixed methods study compared word learning of two groups of 36 (n=72) preschoolers who showed vocabulary â€Å"vulnerabilities,† which meant that the children were chosen due to low standardized vocabulary scores, low income, and/or special needs. At-risk participants (n=25) from the Loftus-Rattan, Mitchell, and Coyne (2016) one-week within-subjects design study were chosen specifically because of their attendance at an urban preschool in the northeast that had a large population of dual language learners (DLL; 88%), non-white (85%), and free or reduced-priced lunch (83%). Finally, Silverman, Crandell, and Carlis (2013) conducted their 12-weeks of research in 26 Head Start classrooms with a sample of 264 children (90% low socioeco nomic status, 79% DLL, 80% nonwhite) in order to compare the effects of vocabulary instructional

What Is Operational Risk Management, Kri And Kpi

Introduction 1.1 What is operational risk management, KRI and KPI? Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems or external events where strategic, systemic and reputation risk are not included. KRI KPI: Definition of KRI - â€Å"It is a metric for measuring the likelihood that the combined probability of an event and its consequences will exceed the organization’s risk appetite and have a very negative impact on an organizations ability to be successful.† (Rouse, M. 2016) Definition of KPI - According to Investopedia it is a set of quantifiable measures that a company uses to gauge its performance over time. These metrics are used to determine a company’s progress in achieving its strategic and operational goals, and also to compare the company’s finances and performance against other businesses within its industry. 1.2 Why are these indicators important? Why KPIs are important: 1. Enables top management to monitor performance of different processes taking place at the organization with the minimum time and effort needed 2. Enables top management to check the compliance of the current performance level with the expected one. Any deviation will cause an interruption to the organization’s mission to achieve its objectives. Corrective actions will be implemented to guide performance on the expected path. 3. KPIs validate the strategic plan. By implementing the strategic plan of the organization, the vision can beShow MoreRelatedWhy Security Controls Is Important Than Which Controls You Put On A Compliance Checklist1624 Words   |  7 Pagesart and part science. By defining key controls based on cyber risks (translated into business risks), an organization can more easily right-size the its control set and adapt it to their needs. Information Security risk assessment processes that are near real-time, gated by a change control process, provide continuous feedback on the sufficiency of the controls within an organization. Cyber Risk: Any information technology risk attributable to a malicious external actor. The means of attackRead MoreCyber Threat Intelligence Based On Cyber Threats1612 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness risks), an organization can more easily right-size the its control set and adapt it to their needs. Risk assessment processes that are near real-time, gated by the change control process, provide continuous feedback on the sufficiency of controls within an organization. Where to put controls and how to design them is more important than which controls you put on a checklist. Identifying and prioritizing key security controls, however, is part art and part science. Cyber Risk: Any informationRead MoreImpact of Operational Risk in Banking5445 Words   |  22 PagesRESEARCH PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: PROJECT RESEARCH AREA OF RESEARCH: THE IMPACT OF OPERATION OF RISK IN BANKING ASSIGNMENT: SUBMISSION OF PROJECT WORK CHAPTER ONE Email:hamsasons@yahoo.com CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter reviews relevant literature on Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited, the Ghanaian Banking Industry, Regulation and Basel II, and Operation Risk Management (ORM). Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited (SCBGL)Read MoreERM Study Notes Essay8310 Words   |  34 Pagesand Thrive 1. What is an unintended consequence of shorter CEO tenure relative to decades earlier? The unintended consequences of shorter CEO tenure are this can make the CEO overly risk averse. It makes CEO decisions more conventional and less risk taking is involved. Also CEO’s focus more on short-term goals than long term. 2. What are some barriers to the board’s effectiveness in risk oversight? Boards members rarely have an understanding of key enterprise strategies or risks. They have noRead MoreRisk Mitigation5105 Words   |  21 PagesTurning risk into results How leading companies use risk management to fuel better performance Our RISK vision Results. Improvements. Strategies. Knowledge. Contents Introduction: managing risk What differentiates for better performance ....................... 1 top performers? .................................. 5 Substantial investments made by companies often do not address more strategic business risk areas. As a result, senior executives may not perceive risk management as strategicRead MoreOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pages≈√ F M A G u i d e l i n e s on Operational Risk Management These guidelines were prepared by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in cooperation with the Financial Market Authority Published by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) Praterstraße 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria Produced by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Editor in chief: Gà ¼nther Thonabauer, Communications Division (OeNB) Barbara Nà ¶sslinger

Organization Gains A Competitive Advantage-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organization Gains A Competitive Advantage? Answer: Introduction Chris and Richards Legal Support (CRLS) is a family based company that provides free legal support advice to the local community. The organization is headed by Chris and his son Richard, both law professionals. Richard has specialized in the provision of legal advice to the disadvantaged people in the society. The company raises finances through fundraising from donors, well-wishers, and volunteer workers. Currently, the organization has grown to establish more branches and recruit more volunteer lawyers to increase in its services. The expansion of the CRLS has created the need for the incorporation of the information systems to help handle in smoothening the operations of the organization, especially the cloud based ERP. Therefore, there is the need for the management to understand the benefits and challenges of the cloud based ERP. Organizational Change in CRLS Organizational change refers to the process of review and modification of the existing management structures and the business workflow and processes. The change is critical to the success of every organization and has become an inevitable aspect for those that want to stay ahead of their competitors in business. Some companies fear to embrace change, and this makes them loose their competitive advantage, reduced profitability, and the sustainability and thus low growth and even business exit. Therefore, it is important for the management of the CRLS to embrace organizational change since it will bring about efficiency which will, in turn, help the organization increase profitability and sustainability due to increased competitive advantage (Curko, Stepanic, and Varga, 2012, pp. 206-214). There are key drivers towards organizational change. These are the factors that necessitate the companys review its management structures, processes, and the workflows. The most common drivers in businesses include the consumer demand, the economic conditions, and information technology and government policies among many others. Currently, most business change is driven by new technologies. The emergence of information systems has led to the creation of new business models which have played a critical role in enhancing efficiency in the operations of businesses. The step by the CRLS to embrace the cloud-based ERP is important since it is likely to impact positively to the organization (Mostafa andSamar, 2016, pp.487-515). The management of the CRLS should make all the possible efforts to support the process of embracing the IT enabled change because it will help the CRLS move to another step of growth. The process demands the full support of all the stakeholders in the process and a strict adherence to the implementation. These strategies will help the CRLS to get the best out of the information systems for their profitability (Craig, 2013). Also, the organization will be able to escape the risks that may arise due to failure to align the requirements with the goals of CRLS thus, meet all the organizational needs. Besides, the company will be able to produce all the requirements of the management structure and the process thus avoid risks that may arise due to inadequate requirement collection. Alignment of an ERP with the organizations goals One of the major targets of ERP implementation is to align the system with the goals of the organization. The target is challenging to achieve and demands for a careful implementation of a change management plan. The ERP should be implemented in such a way that it works towards achieving the goals of the organization. At CRLS, there is need to gather all the requirements to ensure that there is an alignment of the system with business processes and the company can coordinate the work of the lawyers in the three branch offices (Information technology department of Poole College of Management at North Carolina State University, 2015). For the CRL to achieve this, the organization needs to consider the aspects of training among other factors for its success. Training is a critical aspect for the CRLS to align its cloud based ERP. All the lawyers for working in the organization should be informed about what is going to be done, how it is going to be done and their role in the implementation. Training should cut across all the stakeholders in the organization to gain their support and reduce resistance in implementation. Also, CRLS must consider engaging the stakeholders in every available way. Every move should engage and involve the stakeholders the ERP through all the possible ways (Dong, 2013). Also, successful alignment of the successful alignment of the ERP with the goals of the CRLS can be enhanced through proper communication to the involved stakeholders throughout the process. This is an essential aspect that CRLS must put on the frontline. Communication reduces misunderstandings within the implementation process that could otherwise drag down the process (NIST, 2016). Communication also helps in efficiency in the coordination of activities between the stakeholders thus, an admirable aspect. Therefore, the CRLS company needs to have a well-established communication plan to be used in the implementation process to ensure that all the stakeholders are in touch and up to date with the implementation process (Habib, 2013). Issues that may arise due to incomplete requirement elicitation or misalignment with the business strategy The process of ERP implementation should always be conducted carefully to ensure that the company achieves an alignment between the system and the organizational strategy. Adoption of an appropriate strategy helps the organization to escape serious risks, damages, and losses that may befall it due to poor implementation. There are many issues that are associated the incomplete elicitation of requirements or the misalignment with the information business strategy. These issues can bring a loss to the organization, reduces its competitive advantage (Khaparde, 2012, pp. 49-91). Some of these issues include can affect the company both socially and economically. Therefore, the management should understand these potential ERP issues and work towards avoiding them in every way possible. Firstly, poor requirement elicitation and misalignment of the ERP with organizational strategy leads to development of a product that does not meet the organizations requirements. This is a loss to the organization and must be avoided to the highest level possible (Adnan and Svensson, 2015, pp. 461- 486). The gap that exist between the organizational strategy and the functional performance of the system must be bridged since delivering a product which does not satisfy the organizational needs is not economical and thus saves money. In as much as the ERP is expensive, it is evident that it is one of the best the best ways that the organization can use to save cost (Motiwalla and Thompson, 2012). The misalignment of the ERP system implementation with business strategy can have the negative impact on the people involved. The efficiency of people in performing their operations is greatly reduced, and this lowers their productivity. If misaligned, the efficiency of the lawyers at the CRLS is likely to go down mainly because of the system (Daryna, 2013). This is likely to demoralize them in their duties because it will be difficult and discourage to us e the system that doesn't fulfill the needs of their duties or rather does not flow as per their normal workflows (Serban, 2015). Cloud Based ERP for the CRLS A cloud based ERP is an information system solution that uses the internet to deliver the information system needs to the organization. Therefore, approach utilizes the internet in the provision of the computing resources which include the memory, disk storage among many other computing resources in running several applications which help the organization solve its information system needs. Cloud based ERP is also called the Software as a Service (SaaS) or on-demand computing. From a traditional approach, the ERP is made local and hosted at the local premise by the organization, however, in this case, the company will have all the resources residing at a remote location and thus, can only be accessed by use of the internet (Kornkaew, 2012). When the CRLS implement the Cloud based ERP, the organization will not need the computing resources at their premises because the service provider will provide them remotely. The stakeholders of the CRLS will be in a better position to access the ERP from any point on the globe by use of the internet (Uay, Pang, Hestermann and Montgomery, 2015). The lawyers will log in to the system using any computer with internet from wherever they will be located. Reports will be submitted to the cloud ERP with the use of the internet and again retrieved anytime from any place once connected to the internet. The CRLS will not need to buy the infrastructure or maintain them, but it will rather have to trust the information with the cloud providers who will supply and the computing resources and maintain the required hardware (ISACA, 2012). Benefits of Cloud based ERP to the CRLS There are a range of benefits that the CRLS is likely to gain if it embraces the cloud based ERP. Firstly, the CRLs will reasonably cut down its operational costs. The cloud based ERP is one of the proofed information system approaches that reduce the costs to the organization. The CRLS will save the costs of acquiring the infrastructure required to offer the services on premise ERP. The cost for IT support services is also avoided eliminates the payments for the upfront licenses for the software and also shrinks the maintenance costs for the applications (Laisasikorn and Rampho, 2014, pp. 173-186). The cost saving behavior of the cloud based ERP is enhanced through paying for the computing resources that are only needed, faster process of deployment among others. The CRLS will also enjoy confidence in their data because the cloud providers back the data for the organization and provide security of attack. Besides, the staff of the CRLS will enjoy the ability of the Cloud based ERP to be accessed from anywhere on the globe just by the use of the internet (Crumbly and Fryling, 2012). Disadvantages of the Cloud Based ERP for the CRS In as much as the cloud based ERP seems to be the most appropriate solution to the operation the CRLS Company, the approach is also associated by some downfalls. Firstly, with this approach, there are issues with security and confidentiality. The data security of this law firm will be in the hands of the cloud providers and thus a risk especially to the confidentiality of this information because the providers have access to all the confidential documents from the company. Also, the risks of data loss are all left in the hands of the providers unlike in the on-premise ERP (Terje, 2016, pp. 1-13). Also, there is a high dependability on the internet. The ERP cannot be available without the internet and this reduces its performance. Thus, it is important for the management of the CRLS to understand both sides of the coin for an amicable decision. Risks associated with BPR and ERP customization There are various risks that are associated with the activities for the re-engineering the existing company processes tin the process of implementing the ERP. Firstly, there is a risk of management heterogeneity. The success of the BPR a good coordination between the processes, the people and the technology and this has been challenging to the management in most cases. The BPR and ERP customization also faces the challenges of vague methodology. Picking the right methodology is always challenging, and this usually leads to the failure of the BPR. Successful BPR lies in the proper approaches to help go for the right methodologies (PMIs Pulse of the Profession, 2013). Another risk that faces the BPR and the ERP implementation is the employee commitment. In many cases of the ERP change in the company, it is massive, and thus, there is non-awareness among the employees. This is risky to the success of the BPR and ERP customization. Also, there is a risk and change on the focused objectives. Usually, most companies expect the process re-engineering to yield immediately within the short term which is not possible (PMIs Pulse of the Profession, 2015). The BPR and Customized ERP takes time to deliver the best results to the organization. Lastly, the process of BPR and ERP customization faces risks that emanate from improper training. The employees and other involved stakeholders need to receive adequate training for them to make the exercise successful. Organizational Commitment During the ERP implementation The success of the ERP implementation is greatly determined by the level of commitment of the organization towards its success. The project leader must have all the strategies in place that are likely to ensure that the support of the entire organization for the ERP is won. It is important that the executive team of the organization supports the ERP implementation process to avoid failure. The senior executives oversee setting the business strategies thus they understand the direction in which the company follows (Liela and Verdina, 2012, pp. 233). All types of staff must be committed towards the implementation of the ERP. The CRLS need to implement the system in the best way possible. The project manager for the ERP implementation at the CRLs should ensure that the Chris and Richard support the project all the possible ways. These are the senior management who understands the business strategy more than any other. Besides, all the lawyers must understand their role in the change and support the implementation of the system. Failure to win support from all kinds of people will lead to resistance from the team due to fear from poor communications (Sanderson, 2012, pp. 432-443). Current Business Processes at the CRLS The business processes of an organization define the steps defined in the process through which the company carries out its activities. Currently, in defining the business process at the CRL, the company receives the donations from the donors and then uses it to provide legal support to the poor. With the three branch offices of the company, there is manual coordination to monitor the performance of these offices. Chris and Richard have the responsibility of ensuring the coordination and performance of thee offices. The lawyers have areas of specialization recorded in books and the type of cases that they handle. Also, in the current processes, the books are kept that are used to track the clients who come to the company for services, where they come from, the services that were offered, duration among many others. The current process also facilitates for the manual tracking of cases that are pending. The records in the current processes help understand the patterns that are formed in the process of satisfying the customers thus very important. These processes play a role in satisfying the clients through the provision of the best services to them (Goeun, 2013). Proposed Changes in the Business Processes When the CRLS embraces the cloud based ERP, there are going to be changed in their existing business processes. The modifications will be mainly in the process of shifting from the manual system towards the use the information system. For example, with the new ERP system, there will be no more recording in books but now data entry into the ERP. Books will be replaced with the system that will have a role of storing all the information for the company. Also, rather than reading books and drawing the important patterns, the system will be there to provide the services reporting to the organization. Therefore, the ERP will transform the existing processes of the CRL into automation. Conclusion In conclusion, the ERP system is an essential aspect of the modern business. The system saves the cost to the organization and thus gives it a competitive advantage over other players in the industry. However, for successful implementation of this system by a given organization demands for a careful planning for the exercise to ensure that the project delivers the best product. This is usually the best coordination between the process and the people. Well managed process changes in organizations have a positive impact on these companies. References Adnan, C. and Svensson, A. (2015). Adoption of the ERP system for operations management in SMEs. School of Business. Economics and IT, University West, pp. 461- 486. Craig, H. (2013). A study of uncertainty and the risk management practice relative to perceived project complexity. Bond University. Crumbly, J., and Fryling, M. (Nov 2012). Rocky Relationships: Enterprise Resource Planning and the Supply Chain Management. Paper presented at the Conference on Information Systems Applied Research (CONISAR), New Orleans, Curko, K., Stepanic, D. and Varga M. (2012). Strategic and tactical success factors in ERP system implementation. International journal of computers Issue 4, pp. 206-214 Daryna B. (2013). Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems. Point of View of Consultants Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management Chalmers university of technology, Gteborg, Sweden, Master's Thesis 2013:128 Dong, L. (2013). A Model for Enterprise Systems Implementation: Top Management Influences On Implementation Effectiveness. Paper presented at the Americas Conference on the Information Systems (AMCIS), Long Beach, CA Goeun, S. (2013). Challenges in the Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in the Large Organizations: Similarities and Differences between Corporate and University Environment. Working Paper CISL# 2013-07 Habib, M. (2013). Understanding the Critical Success and Failure Factors of Business Process Reengineering. International Review of Management and Business Research, Vol. 2 Issue.1. ISSN: 2306-9007 Information technology department of Poole College of Management at North Carolina State University. (2015). ERP risk research survey ISACA. (2012). COBIT 5: A business framework for the governance and management of enterprise IT. Rolling Meadows. IL: ISACA Khaparde, M. (2012). Barriers of ERP while implementing ERP. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and the Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 3, pp. 49-91 Kornkaew, A. (2012). Management Information System Implementation Challenges, Success Key Issues, Effects and Consequences. Masters Thesis within Military Logistics Laisasikorn, K. and Rampho, N. (2014). A Study of the Relationship between a Successful Enterprise Risk Management System. An Exploratory Study. Journal of Service Research, pp. 173-186. Liela E. and Verdina A. (2012). Assessment and problems of projects implemented by companies and co-financed by the European Union funds in Latvia. European Integration Studies, pp. 233 Mostafa, K. andSamar, M. (2016). "ERP and organizational change: A case study examining implementation of accounting modules," International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 24 Issue: 3, pp.487-515 Motiwalla L. and Thompson J. (2012). Enterprise Systems for Management, 2nd Edition NIST (2016). Guide for Applying Risk Management Framework to Information Systems: A Security Life Cycle Approach. NIST Special Publication 800-37, Rev 1 PMIs Pulse of the Profession (2013). In-Depth Report: The Essential Role of the Communications provides that eye-opening insight. PMIs Pulse of the Profession (2015). Capturing the value of project management. Sanderson, J. (2012). Risk, uncertainty, and governance in mega projects. A critical discussion of alternative explanations. International Journal of Project Management, pp. 432-443 Serban, A. (2015). Managing Transformation: Business Process Reengineering or the Total Quality Management. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5 ISSN: 2222-6990 Terje A. (2016). Risk assessment and the risk management. Review of recent advances on their foundation European Journal of Operational Research; Volume 253, Issue 1, pp. 113 Uay, M., Pang C., Hestermann C. and Montgomery N. (2015). Magic Quadrant for Single-Instance ERP, Gartner, ID: G00272540

American Ownership of Canada essays

American Ownership of Canada essays In 1867 Canada was heading down the road of autonomy, in 1931 Canada gained further independence from the empire by negotiating and signing the Treaty of Westminster. But within a period of a few short years of moving away from one empire we just backed into another one. As many of us know today Canada is known to many as an American satellite state. How did this happen, how did a country looking to gain greater autonomy end up having the greatest amount of foreign ownership then any other industrial country in the world. I will examine the early history of the relationship between Canada and America and examine some of the key events that bound Canada to the United States. I will mainly cover the years 1930 to the cold war era and examine what impact the close relationship has had on Canada and how the different authors feel this has affected Canadians today. When the 1930s came around the Canadian economy took a downward spiral. It was not unusual in a capitalist economy to experience short, sharp fluctuation in the economy but this time it was different (Norrie and Owram 353). By this time Canada was already dependent on the U.S, as a large part of its exports depended on the United States. Canadas share of the new economic era was created by a resource boom that was inspired by demand in the United States, now with no demand the economic situation wasnt looking good for Canada (Thompson and Randall 109). By the time the 30s came to a close things werent looking to get any better as another World War was on the brink. The situation in 1940 looked pretty bleak in terms of Canadas position in the Second World War, both in the defence of Britain and in the defence of Canadian soil itself. The Canadian Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, had two choices, either continue to support the British cause and hope for the best, or look f or an ally to who would be willing to defend both Canada and ...

Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay

Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay Example Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay Example Several million years ago, when the primitive people lived, primordial humans killed animals to survive and warm with the help of their skins. Then, it was justified by a wild way of life and severe climate in which they could have died. In todays world, the use of leather and the fur production cause a negative reaction among environmentalists. Wild Animal Fur Should Not Be Valued In many aspects, they are right. The huge demand for natural beautiful fur leads to disappearance of many species of animals. That is why artificial fur is increasingly gaining popularity. Moreover, the production of fur clothing contributes to extensive poaching as rare and endangered species of animals are killed because of their skins and fur for sale and profit. In addition, animals are slain with special cruelty. Tragically, some of the animals are killed with the use of poisons and electricity in order not to damage the fur. It is also absolutely immoral to practice stripping of skins from live animals. Buying fur products, people often do not think about torments of animals shedding their blood for the sake of fashion. Despite the high value of animal fur as a symbol of beauty, warmness, and wealth, it should not be valued as its use reduces the wild animal species and contributes to the cruelty and violence toward the latter. History of Fur Use Fur is perhaps the oldest clothes in the history of mankind. Animal skins were worn by primitive people living on the European continent thousands years ago. In Ancient Greece and Rome, fur had no popularity. On the territory of these countries, it first came into use only after the conquest of Europe by the barbarians. In the Middle Ages, fur was worn only by the nobles and the rich people. The most expensive was minever and marten. The start of common fur fashion was in the 16th century. It was the time of trade, which made fur one of the most precious materials, along with spices and gold. However, it was worn by men only. In the 19th century, fur became an indicator not only of social status but also of age. It was meticulously chosen and worn on special occasions only. In the 20th century, fur became the object of interest in design. In the early 1900s, Jeanne Paquin and Paul Poiret began to include fur outer clothing in their collection. Fur boom was caused by the development of production of the first car. In these machines, the top was open, and warm clothing was necessary for the movement. The popularity of fur did not disappear until the Great Depression. Movement against Fur In 1980, the first organization in the history of mankind was founded to fight for the rights of animals in the United States (All about PETA). It was called People for Ethical Treatment to Animals (PETA). Since its inception, PETA has been famous by its loud advertising campaign with nude stars and models under the slogan that it was better to go naked than wear fur. In 1980s, fur felt into disgrace, which had an enormous scale: the rejection of animal cruelty was promoted on television, radio, and in lectures at universities, books and films (All about PETA). More famous people were getting connected to the anti-fur movement. This situation significantly boosted the production of artificial fur. It began to reach the popularity level of natural fur. This trend against the human desire and for the conscious consumption, promoting the infliction of the least possible damage to nature, is continuing today. Arguments against the Use of Natural Fur One of the main reasons not to wear fur is animal suffering. Any animal is exposed to severe conditions and dreadful death. Buying products that are made of natural fur and leather contributes to the brutal killing of other animals that have the same right to life as people. In most areas of the planet, one can easily live without fur coats. There are many other warm materials, down clothing, woven or knitted woolen clothing. Leather jackets and coats are heavy and bad-smelling. Today, millions of animals are killed for their skins (Linzey, 2002). There is an ethical issue of using astrakhan and cramps. This is a generally abhorrent practice to interrupt the pregnancy of animals, and both the mother and the baby are killed in order to get baby’s fur that has not been completely formed. On fur farms, such animals as sables, foxes, raccoons, and even bobcats are grown. Their stay is associated with large implications to health. The cells are close; animals are deprived of the opportunity to exercise their instincts; and many go crazy from stress, pain, and disgusting food, beginning to chew their limbs (Linzey, 2002). Animals in captivity are characterized by particular neurotic behavior, including the throwing from side to side, circling, and self-mutilation (Broom Nimon, 2001, p.241). The animals are constantly beating on the cell walls, causing themselves physical pain. Foxes in cages often resort to cannibalism. Broom and Nimon (2001) found that foxes in fur farms were characterized by a high level of fear and suffered from problems with reproduction functions (242). Although some animals die from diseases, stress, and self-mutilation, a sufficient number survives for slaughter and subsequently brings huge profits to its owners. On fur farms, there are aquatic animals that have no access to water in the conditions of the farms. Mason et.al. (2008) studied the conditions of minks at fur farms. He emphasized that these animals released the stress hormone when they were prevented from swimming (36). Moreover, there is a horrible method of obtaining astrakhan and karakulcha. Karakul is a skin of newborn lambs (2-3 days after birth). Karakulcha is a skin of prematurely ‘born’ lamb. The breeders simply cut the pregnant sheep and take lambs out of it. To r eceive the fur of karakul, an incision is made at the head of the live lamb, and then it is shaken out from the skin. Apart from fur farms, a practice of placing traps is still used (Linzey, 2002). Having stuck in a trap, the animal suffers waiting for its killer (hunter). The beavers, muskrats, raccoons, opossums, skunks, foxes are the main targets for hunters. In many countries, hunters are also obliged to mark their traps with information about a specific hunter and recommend checking their traps every day, but even a short period of time will seem like an eternity for the animal due to unbearable pain. Some animals even bite off their own limbs in order to save lives. Several states in the United States and many other countries imposed ban on the traps, which are known for the cruelty. However, hunters can easily evade the ban by other no less barbaric types of traps. If a hunter finds a captured animal still alive, it is usually beaten to death. Shooting is not accepted as, in this case, the hunter would risk damaging the skin. Therefore, buying fur and leather products, people are sponsoring t he killing of animals, causing heavy damage to the outside world. Moreover, the prisoners of traps are often unintended victims: birds, porcupines, deer, cats, dogs, and other animals that become maimed or killed. It is a commonplace that animals that are listed in the list of endangered species are killed in these cruel traps. Also, there is a danger of children’s getting into the trap. A few years ago, Canadian fishermen killed hundreds of thousands of harp seal pups in front of their mothers. Therefore, the Canadian government reduced the number of seals that were permitted to be slaughtered, decreasing the quota to 400,000 heads in 2012 (Myth and facts about Canada’s seal slaughter, n.d.). The process of slaughtering turned into an annual show, which caused a massive hype and hostility on the part of animal rights organizations and the media, trying to document the carnage. The Canadian government and the sealers try to block access to the area where the massacre is performed in order to avoid publicity. In 1987, the Canadian government was forced to pass a law that authorized the killing of seals just over two weeks. They are considered adults, even though they are so small that they are not able to swim and cannot be saved. In 2001, veterinarians who inspected the skull of seals came to the conclusion that â€Å"more than 40% of the seals were still con scious and were alive when they were skinned† (Myth and facts about Canada’s seal slaughter, n.d.). Fur is not the only material for sewing warm clothing. Today, there are warm synthetic materials. The preparation of fur also contributes to the pollution of the environment. Many chemicals (paints based on cyanide, formaldehyde, and others) are used during the fur handling. This certainly makes it serve longer, preserving the color, lightness, softness, and luxurious curvy shape. However, it affects person not in the best way. Often, chromium, which can lead to allergies, is used for processing fur. Another argument against fur is energy which is transferred to the owner of fur. Often, animals die slowly and suffer before death. When the animals feel fear and suffer, they release adrenaline that enters the bloodstream and is absorbed into the skin; so, the information of fear can be transmitted to a man and manifested in excessive anxiety and even neurosis. Advantages of Artificial Fur Today, few people doubt the fact that the fur can be easily replaceable. There are plenty of alternative technologies. If a lot of fur clothes in the wardrobe are made of artificial fur, a man can wear them with a clear conscience. The products that are made of such fur are a relatively budgetary purchase, which many people can afford. Low price is based on the fact that the use of synthetic fibers is less expensive to manufacture. Consequently, the price of artificial fur is much cheaper than of the natural one. Today, the production of eco-fur reached a high level and is in no way inferior to the production technologies of things that are made of natural fur. Products retain the novelty for a long time, are beautiful and shiny, easy to clean, and do not require special storage conditions. Things of faux fur look great in any color and authentically like natural fur. Meanwhile, the colored natural fur loses a lot of quality, which has a negative impact on its appearance. Certainly, there are several disadvantages of artificial fur. It is made of acrylic and polyacrylic polymers, which contain petroleum, coal, and limestone. Certainly, faux fur has reduced frost resistance. However, today, designers and scientists are still working, trying to improve the quality of ‘ethical’ fur. Externally, natural and artificial fur is almost impossible to distinguish, but the natural one is softer and more pleasant to the touch. Nevertheless, the advantages of natural fur in comparison with the artificial one have no significance as its use has serious consequences to the environment. Therefore, it is important to provide essential reforms to change the attitude to animals. People should revalue the life of animals and the desire to wear fashionable clothes. There are many compelling reasons to not use fur. Its wearing really cannot be justified, unless a person lives in a country with an extremely cold climate and fur is the only thing that can keep warm. The fur industry is terribly cruel causing a lot of suffering. Its purpose is to satisfy human vanity. Fur has become a symbol of luxury rather than a means to protect against the cold. People use coats and faux fur coats to keep warm. These products are also characterized by beauty and elegance. As fur clothes are made due to animals’ suffering, violence, and cruelty, it is important to recognize the harm of its production to the environment as well as change the attitude and perception of its value. The use of fur in the 21st century, the century of nanotechnology, space flights, and other breakthroughs, is considered simply illegal. People of the 21st century should seek to humanity rather than the perverted sadism. People must move away from the murder of animals as a source of luxury and find more civilized and acceptable methods.

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay - 1

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower - Essay Example an be produced in different scales namely; large hydro (more than 10megawatts), small hydro (upto10 megawatts), micro hydro (up to 100kw) and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One major advantage of hydroelectric power is that the operational cost of a hydroelectric plant is almost immune to the increase in the cost of fossils fuel and, more so, absolutely no imports are required for the same. Hydropower is a clean source of energy with absolutely no emissions of Carbon Dioxide, and, therefore, no pollution to the environment. Global warming is also minimized. The hydropower dams can be used as a habitat for some fish and wildlife. More so, the water can be used for irrigation purposes, and they also make the surrounding area around fertile (Scheer 45). Additionally, electricity can be produced at a constant rate and electricity generation can be stopped when it is not needed by closing sluice gates. Therefore, water can be stored for some time when there is less demand for electricity. Since dams can stay for a longer period of time it can be used to store water there is no high demand of power (Somma 56). Besides the advantages, there exist demerits of hydropower. The turbines used can have negative effect on the fish population as in some fish are killed as water go through the turbine. A dam therefore, changes wildlife and fish in a place as well as landscape. More so, hydropower has an impact on local population. Individuals who live in places that are flooded are forced to move out of their places, thus farms and businesses may be lost. People, at times, may be forced to move out their residential to give space for dam construction. Additionally, dams consume a lot of space for their construction and are usually constructed on marginalized land that is wooded. Therefore, it is necessary to cut down trees, which can be dangerous to our environment since the trees act as carbon dioxide sinks which may be harmful. This may be risky to an environment. Finally, on it is

Cognitive dissonance theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cognitive dissonance theory - Essay Example Cognitive dissonance is a term employed to describe the state of having two or more conflicting cognitions simultaneously, as people  experience new information in the context of their pre-existing knowledge (Festinger 10). Individuals experience psychological discomfort when they encounter information that challenges their beliefs or behavior. Discussion Cognitive dissonance theory pursues to explain how individuals minimize psychological discomfort and attain emotional equilibrium in the face of conflicting behaviors or beliefs. Cognitive dissonance theory (1957) holds that there are predictable responses that shape individual’s experience of discomfort or dissonance. Festinger advanced that if the new events or information support the pre-held beliefs, then the individual feels supported as the fresh stimuli is in harmony with the individual’s prior knowledge, referred to as a state of consonance. Individuals may accept the information as accurate but decline to ma ke changes; individuals may also accept the information as accurate and make appropriate changes (Festinger 12). Similarly, individuals may attack the messenger as incredible, or rationalize the information in a manner that relieves the discomfort. The theory of cognitive dissonance in communication purposes that a communicator carries around a wealthy assortment of cognitive elements such as attitudes, knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors. Cognitions, in this case, detail bits of knowledge in their simplest form pertaining variety of thoughts, facts, attitudes, behaviors, perceptions, emotions, and values. Thus, people experience the pressure to change when undertaking things that they know are uncomfortable for them. What is consonant or dissonant for one individual may not necessarily be the case for another person. This hinges fundamentally on what is consistent or inconsistent within an individual’s psychological system. The cognitive elements that people hold act as an interrelated system whereby every element (cognitions) relate to one another in three ways; null or irrelevant, consistent or consonant, and dissonant/inconsistent relationship (Festinger 14). Cognitive system in this case represents a multifaceted interrelating set of beliefs, values, and attitudes that influence and affect behavior. When dissonance occurs, individuals may change their behavior, justify their behavior by altering the conflicting cognition, or justify their behavior by adding fresh cognitions. Festinger noted that the experience of dissonance hinges on three factors; the number of consonant elements, the number of dissonant elements, and the significance of each element (Perry 154). A significant dissonant belief  results to a considerable cognitive dissonant compared to a less significant dissonant belief. Dissonance produces a tension or stress, which in turn creates pressure to change whereby the higher the dissonance, the higher the pressure to change. Tensio n reduction is automatically pursued by altering one’s evaluations by a certain degree. An individual opts to downplay the other so as to assure him/herself. In instances where there is dissonance, individuals attempt to minimize it, besides tending to avoid circumstances that cause additional dissonance. Leon Festinger (1919-1990) Leon Festinger was a social psychologist who  advanced that individuals often experience a distressing mental state when they undertake things that contradict their opinions, or what they know. The

Marketing Analysis Of Avon Products Inc Marketing Essay

Marketing Analysis Of Avon Products Inc Marketing Essay The company was founded in 1886 by then 28-year-old David H. McConnell who sold books door-to-door and gave out perfume to entice women to buy his books. His perfume proved to be much more popular than his books, so he then founded the California Perfume Company (CPC) in New York, New York in a 500-square-foot (46  m2) manufacturing and shipping office at 126 Chambers Street. As the company grew, he hired his first representative, Mrs. P.F.E. Albee. In 1897, McConnell built a small (3000 square foot) laboratory in Suffern, New York. In 1906, the West Coast office in San Francisco was destroyed in the Great Earthquake. In 1914 the first non-US office was opened in the Canadian province of Quebec. The California Perfume Company was incorporated on January 28, 1916 by David H. McConnell and Alexander D. Henderson (businessman) in Suffern, New York  [1]  . By 1918, five million units were sold in North America, and by 1928, sales reached $2 million. In October 1939, the name was ch anged to Avon Products, Inc. The company was taken public in 1946. By 1954, sales reached $55 million, and the Avon Calling advertising campaign introduced. By 1971 the lab would grow into the Avon Suffern Research and Development facility. By 1979, sales reached $3 billion, with one million direct sales agents. Today sales exceed $10 billion worldwide. In 2005, the company opened a $100 million dollar 225,000-square-foot (20,900  m2) RD facility to house its over 300 research and development scientists on the original site in Suffern, NY. Avon also has offices in Luzerne, Pennsylvania and Davenport, Iowa. The company chairman and CEO is Andrea Jung, who was promoted to the position in 1999. As at December 2009, the company had approximately 41,000 employees  [2]   2.2 Company Profile 2.2.1 Organizational Structure The Office of the Chairman is accountable for identifying growth initiatives, incorporating global strategies, and apportioning resources to Avon units around the world. In addition, as part of the reorganization, the firms three International Regional headquarters were to be phased out, alternated by nine streamlined business units covering sales, marketing and distribution around the world. Profit and loss accountability rested with them. Managers of these units would report directly to the Office of the Chairman. Also reporting to the chairman are five global staff departments: Finance/legal Affairs, Human Resources, Corporate Affairs and Communications, Planning and Business Development, and a new department Global Product Management. Each department assumes worldwide responsibility for its function Table 2.2.1 Organizational Structure AVON PRODUCTS INC. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Office of the Chairman Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Vice President, Vice Chairman, Chief Financial Executive Vice President Assistant to the Chairman and Administrative Officer North America Latin America Northern Europe North America North America President Vice President Latin America Southern Europe South Vice President Vice President Asia/Pacific Vice President United Kingdom Vice President Japan Chair and Vice President Mexico Vice President Giorgio President Human Planning and Business Global Product Finance/Legal Corporate Affairs Resource Development Management Affairs Communications Source: Outlook, Nov-Dec 2009 2.2.2 Major Lines of Business Avons products line includes skin care items, makeup, and perfume fragrances for men and women, and toiletries for bath, hair care, personal care, hand and body care and sun care. Recognizable brand names included Skin-So-Soft, a product in the bath products area, which benefited from wide publicity concerning alternative uses; Moisture Therapy; and Imari fragrance. Newer products include Avon Color, an entirely new line of more than 350 shades of lip, eye, face, and nail colors. The product line would assure customers that Avon had just the right shade for them and that their total look could be coordinated. Anew Perfecting Complex for Face, another new product, was judged the most successful skin care product in Avon history. Internationally, the companys product line is marketed primarily at moderate price points. The marketing strategy emphasized department store quality at discount store prices. Avon is the worlds largest manufacturer and distributor of fashion jewelry, and markets an extensive line of gifts and collectibles. A separate division, Giorgio Beverly Hills, manufactures and sells prestige fragrances. These brand name products are sold through major retail department stores, in boutiques, by mail order catalog and by other means. 2.3 Operating Strategies Avon Products Inc. is uniquely among major corporations, a womans company. The company sells products to, for and through women. The company understands women needs and preferences better than most. This understanding guides the basic business and influences the choice of new business opportunities. Avon need to become and are becoming, more customer-oriented and more market- driven. Each one of the 18 words in the vision statement has considerable meaning. The three most important elements, however, are the focus on women, on being global, and on the additional opportunities for Avon in self-fulfillment. The Principles That Guide Avon 1. To provide individuals an opportunity to earn in support of their well-being and happiness. 2. To serve families throughout the world with products of the highest quality backed by a guarantee of satisfaction; 3. To render a service to customers that is outstanding in its helpfulness and courtesy; 4. To give full recognition to employees and Representatives, on whose contributions Avon depends; 5. To share with others the rewards of growth and success; 6 To meet fully the obligations of corporate citizenship by contributing to the well-being of society and the environment in which its functions; and 7. To maintain and cherish the friendly spirit of Avon. Source: Avon Representative Success Book 2.3 Operating Strategies 2.3.1 Mission Statement and Management Objectives Avon Products Inc. aims at being the company that best have the knowledge of and satisfies the product, service and self-fulfillment needs of women, globally. The Global Beauty forerunner intends to build a unique portfolio of Beauty and related brands, striving to surpass competitors in quality, innovation and value, and elevating image to become the Beauty Company most women turn to worldwide. The Womens quest for Buying Avon products will become the destination store for women, offering the convenience of multiple brands and channels, and providing a personal high touch shopping experience that helps create lifelong customer relationships. The Premier Direct Seller will expand the companys presence in direct selling and lead the reinvention of the channel, offering an entrepreneurial opportunity that delivers superior earnings, recognition, service and support, making it easy and rewarding to be affiliated with Avon and elevating the image of the industry. Avon products leadership edge is through passion for high standards, respect for diversity and commitment to create exceptional opportunities for professional growth so that associates can fulfill their highest potential. The company is committed to global champion for the health and well-being of women through philanthropic efforts that eliminate breast cancer from the face of the earth, and that empower women to achieve economic independence. The Most Admired Company delivers superior returns to shareholders by tirelessly pursuing new growth opportunities while continually improving profitability, a socially responsible, ethical company that is watched and emulated as a model of success. 2.3.2 Business Models and Strategies Avon Products, Inc., is one of the worlds largest direct selling organization and merchandiser of beauty and beauty related products. From corporate office in New York City, Avon markets product lines to women in 112 countries through 1.6 million active independent contractors (sales representatives) that receive a percentage commission for their sales but do not enjoy employment benefits, they sell primarily on a door-to-door basis. The idea behind the direct selling model is to eliminate the middle man (department and cosmetic stores) and get its products directly to consumers which will be able to cut costs and increase profits. November 2005, Avon products launched a comprehensive, multi-year turnaround plan to restore sustainable growth. The four-point turnaround plan includes: Committing to brand competitiveness by focusing research and development resources on product innovation and by increasing our advertising; Winning with commercial edge by more effectively utilizing pricing and promotion, expanding our Sales Leadership program and improving the attractiveness of our Representative earnings opportunity as needed; Elevating organizational effectiveness by redesigning our structure to eliminate layers of management in order to take full advantage of our global scale and size; and Transforming the cost structure so that our costs are aligned to our revenue growth and remain so. Source: 10-K (Feb 25, 2010) One of the goals of the 2005 Turn-around Plan was to increase the number of Representatives paid in 2007 when the company had 13% increase in net sales as a result of the increase in the number of Representatives Primarily, Avons revenues come from three main categories: 2009 2008 2007 2006 Beauty Products 72% 72% 70% 69% Fashion Products 17% 18% 18% 18% Home Products 11% 10% 12% 13% Source: http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Avon_Products_(AVP) Beauty Products: Cosmetics, fragrances, and personal care. Fashion Products are Jewelry, watches, apparel and accessories. Home Products: Home products and decorative products. 2.4 SWOT Analysis 2.4.1 Strengths Presence in dynamic sector Strategic focus on emerging markets Diversification through acquisition Wide brand appeal Financial stability Strong brand image 2.4.2 Weaknesses Over reliance on Beauty Products (72%) Limited outlets for the customers Confusing promotions, out of date catalogs, unattractive packaging and customer complains of Avon image. Over reliance on Sales Representatives 2.4.3 Opportunities Geographic Growth: Enormous growth opportunities exist in countries with huge populations such as China, Indonesia and India. In Eastern Europe, management is excited about the potential in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary. In the Pacific Rim area, countries like Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos are targeted as market opportunities. Emerging and Developing Markets: In those markets, the retail infrastructure was undeveloped, especially in the interiors of those countries. The Avon representatives provide consumers with opportunities to buy a wide range of quality products at acceptable prices 2.4.4 Threats Avons dependence on the productivity and profitability of the representative direct-selling model exposes it to cost and litigation risks. It is likely that AVP will incur future costs through litigation and resolution of the lawsuit, which may include terms that would increase costs and decrease profits for Avon. Large Presence in Global Market Exposes AVP to Currency Fluctuation Risks: 80% of Avons sales revenues come from markets outside of the United States, making the company very sensitive to currency fluctuations and the strength of the dollar. A weakening of the dollar against foreign currencies would allow Avon products to become more competitively priced in global markets, thus positively affecting sales revenue from foreign markets; however, a weak dollar would also mean higher costs for products manufactured overseas. 2.5 Core Competencies Over the last three years, Avon Products have been implementing its turnaround plan through various strategic initiatives, including: restructuring plan, product line simplification program (PLS), strategic sourcing initiative (SSI) and investment in advertising and sales representatives. Among other things the company does well are: Diversification through acquisition Distribution strategy and brand image High technology and innovation Economic Empowerment Philanthropy 3. Industry Analysis 3.1 Industry Definition, structure and major competitors The US personal care products industry includes about 800 companies with combined annual revenue of $50 billion. Major companies include Estee Lauder, Johnson Johnson, and Procter Gamble. The industry is concentrated: the 50 largest firms account for about 70 percent of industry revenue. There are  28,001  companies in this industry with the US personal income driving consumer demand for personal care products  [3]  . Company Sales Location The Protecter Gamble Company 78,938.00M Cincinnati,  OH LOreal SA 25,041.73M Clichy,  France Kimberly-Clark Corporation 19,115.00M Irving,  TX Colgate-Palmolive Company 15,327.00M New York,  NY Kao Corporation 12,777.13M Tokyo, Japan Source: http://www.hoovers.com/industry/personal-care-products/1192-1.html 3.2 Industry Growth and Profitability Market moves over the last two years have clearly been extraordinary. The forecast call for a continued, gradual recovery in demand from developed markets with emerging economies faring better. The personal and disposable personal incomes are the main drivers of this sector. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, July 2010, Personal income increased $30.0 billion, or 0.2 percent, and disposable personal income (DPI) increased $17.6 billion, or 0.2 percent, Personal consumption expenditures (PCE) increased $44.1 billion, or 0.4 percent. Table 3.2 Personal and Disposable Personal Income Personal income, current dollars 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 Disposable personal income: Current dollars 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.2 Chained (2005) dollars 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 -0.1 Personal consumption expenditures: Current dollars 0.5 -0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 Chained (2005) dollars 0.3 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Department of Commerce. July, 2010 3.3 Pest Analysis of External Factors Affecting the Industry 3.31 Political Factors These includes legal and regulatory: elections, employment law, consumer protection, environmental regulations, industry-specific regulations, competitive regulations, inter-country relationships/attitudes, war, terrorism, political trends, governmental leadership, taxes, and government structures. Government tax and industry specific regulations are the major factors that can affect Avon Products. Different countries have different regulations with taxes. Political and legal systems of different countries have important implications for Avon Products. Sometimes, the political system changes quickly, throwing the company into crisis and at other hand, it evolve more slowly. 3.3.2 Economic Factors Economic growth trends (various countries), taxation, government spending levels, disposable income, job growth/unemployment, exchange rates, tariffs, inflation, consumer confidence index, import/export ratios, and production levels. Avon has experienced volatile growth, its said to largely depend on weather fluctuating economic conditions and disposable household income levels. A higher disposable income will definitely increase revenue. 3.3.3 Social Factors Age, gender, race, family size, lifestyle changes, population shifts, education, trends, fads, diversity, immigration/emigration, health, living standards, housing trends, fashion, attitudes to work, leisure activities, occupations, and earning capacity. Since Avon major source of Revenue is on Beauty products which is mainly used by women, the company stands the chance of increasing revenue all things being equal. A higher taste or lifestyle to substitute products like Mary Kay may affect the company revenue. 3.3.4 Technological Factors Inventions, new discoveries, research, energy uses/sources/fuels, communications, rates of obsolescence, health (pharmaceutical, equipment, etc.), manufacturing advances, information technology, internet, transportation, bio-tech, genetics, agri-tech, waste removal/recycling, and so on, all these and many more need to be improved upon continually. As technology advances, there is need to ensure compliance and engage in more research in an attempt to increase the quality of the products. A common error is to try and devise a single analysis to try and cover the entire history of a firm and an industry. Therefore, the company must keep the analysis of past developments separate from that of the present situation and future trends. 3.4 Porters five forces of Analysis Competition 3.4.1 Threat of new Entrants: Low Being a household name for some years, the threat of new entrants can be said to be low. Consumers who are serviced in this industry tend to stick with long and experienced 3.4.2 Threat of Substitutes: High There are several substitutes to Avon products by its competitors in the market. A slight change or below standard can push customers to buy other products. 3.4.3 Bargaining Powers of supplier: Low 3.4.4 Bargaining Power of Customer: Low Customers who are mainly women often dont mind price(s) as long as they have value for money spent. Rather than customers fixing price, Avon does. 3.4.5 Rivalry among Competing Firms: High This is really high. Mary Kay among several others is in high competition with Avon. 3.5 Summary Bargaining power of buyers Low Competitive Rivalry within an Industry High Threat of Substitute Products High Threat of new Entry- Low Low Bargaining power of suppliers Low 4. Economic Outlook 4.1 Global Outlook The companys operating performance has been strong in the past six months, and its key credit measurements are improving. Avon is expected to continue to have conservative stances with its liquidity and share repurchases. Avon has performed very well relative to its consumer products peer group and remains one of the best geographically positioned companies to benefit from emerging market growth over the next several years. The New York Company is in the midst of a restructuring that includes cutting jobs and trimming overhead. It has focused on recruiting independent sellers, as well as broadening its assortment of less-expensive items, including products under $5, to drive sales. It is also growing sales in emerging markets. Manufacturers of beauty products weathered the recession fairly well, due in large part to their vast product range. While demand for cosmetics stumbled some are considered essentials and were mostly impervious to the downturn. The economic recovery will push the industry back to steady growth, as improving disposable incomes allow consumers to spend more on nonessentials like makeup. Meanwhile, manufacturers will expand both their product lines and geographic reach to take advantage of new market opportunities  [4]  . 4.2 Regional Outlook Avon is on track to deliver strong quarterly growth, although the US market is likely to prove the exception to regional growth in view of the tough conditions there. The worlds leading direct sales cosmetic company increased revenue by 8 per cent for the first quarter in dollar terms, while the continuing weakness of the dollar will mean that revenues will rise by 5 per cent in local currencies. On a regional basis, Avon revenue is projected to increase mid-single digits and operating profit forecast to be up. Internationally, Latin Americas revenue is projected to increase at a double-digit rate and operating profit forecast to grow in line with or slightly ahead of revenue, reflecting a strong performance in both the Brazil and Argentina markets. Europes revenue and operating profit are expected to increase in the ranges of 10 per cent and 15 per cent, respectively. Growth in this region is continuing to focus on the central and eastern European markets. The Asia Pacific regions revenue is projected to advance at a double-digit rate, with operating profit expected to improve more than 25 per cent. 4.3 Local Outlook Avon attributes overall sales growth to being driven by sales of beauty products, which are expected to increase 11-13 per cent, including a double-digit increase in the US. It feels it is also a reflection of its successful new product launches and continuing commitment to invest significant resources to support its brand-building strategies. Also, driving sales is an expected double-digit increase in the number of active representatives. 4.4 Summary There is strong growth and improving profitability as the global outlook becomes Stable from Negative. 5. Ten-year pro forma forecast 5.1 Underlying Assumptions Avon had $650 million Agreement with Silpada. The company designs is the worlds largest and fastest-growing sterling silver jewellery home party company which is expected to generate revenue from 2015  [5]  . Focus on emerging markets such as Brazil, China, Colombia, Russia, Turkey, and Venezuela, aiming for high market share and brand recognition in these markets. The only positive regional revenue growth the company had been in the Latin America and China at 5.6% and 0.7%  [6]  . For example, China re-licensed Avon for direct-selling, which allowed Avons revenues from China to increase rapidly from 2006 to 2008. The total revenue from China rose from $212 million in 2006 to $353 million in 2009  [7]  . Similar situations may arise in Avons other emerging market segments. Increased cost of production and Companies are also focused on controlling their operating margins in order to maximize their profits. While advertising and commodity costs have been rising, efficient production has been useful in reducing margins. A takeover Rumour by LOreal expand in emerging markets, particularly in Latin America  [8]   First quarter for the year ended March 31st, 2010.  [9]  Avons net income was $43 million, a 64% decrease from Q1 FY 2009 net income of $117 million. The decrease was mainly caused by AVPs effective tax rate being a 66.1% due to the devaluation of Venezuelan currency. Excluding this negative impact, net income was actually $144 million. Total revenue increased 14% to $2.5 billion. The number of active representatives grew by 6% as the recessionary environment attracted many unemployed people to Avons independent selling business strategy. Additionally, the companys Beauty segment grew by 14%. Avon had mixed sales results internationally, as it had a 2% sales decline in North America, a 22% sales increase in Latin America, a 31% sales decrease in China, a 28% sales increase in Eastern Europe, and a 23% sales increase in Western Europe and Africa. The company spent $96 million on advertising a 23% increase from the same quarter last year. Second quarter for the year ended 30th June, 2010, Q2 FY 2010.  [10]  The companys Net Income was $167.6 million more than double the year-ago quarter value of $82.9 million. Net sales rose 8% to $2.68 billion. Sales in all of the companys product categories increased with 16% growth in perfume and 12% growth in color cosmetics. Avon increased advertising in the quarter to $97 million, up 19% from the prior year quarter. The company increased advertising mainly in Latin America. Geographically, Avons revenue increased 16% in Latin America from strength in Brazil and Mexico. Sales in North America remained flat. Important to note is Other Income for the quarter in review shows a deficit of usd 100m.  [11]   Third quarter for the year ended September 30th, 2010 Avons net income increased 7% to $167 million. The higher costs are due to advertising and weak sales from markets like china and Brazil. Net Revenue increased 4% to $2.66 billion, compared to $2.56 billion in the prior year quarter. The company benefited from higher sales in Latin America (8% growth) and Western Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (11% growth). However, sales in North America remained stagnant with a 2% decline in growth and sales in China fell by 30% as Avon tries to transition away from retail stores in the region in favor of a direct selling method that it uses in its other markets. Advertising costs increased 36% as the company promoted its fragrances as well as its two new product categories hair and acne  [12]  .

The History Of The Olympic Games :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The History Of The Olympic Games Introduction Today, the Olympic Games are the world's largest pageant of athletic skill and competitive spirit. They are also displays of nationalism, commerce and politics. Well-known throughout the world the games have been used to promote understanding and friendship among nations, but have also been a hotbed of political disputes and boycotts. The Olympic games started thousands of years ago and lasted over a millennium.. The symbolic power of the Games lived on after their demise, and came to life again as the modern Olympic Games being revived in the last century. Both the modern and Ancient Olympics have close similarities in there purpose and in there problems. Ancient Olympics The ancient Olympics had some differences from the modern Games. There were fewer events, and only free men who spoke Greek could compete, instead of athletes from any country. Women where not allowed to even watch the games on penalty of death let alone play in them.. Also, the games were always held at Olympia in Greece instead of being moved around to different sites every time. But also they had some similarities to our modern Olympics, winning athletes were heroes who put their home towns on the map, and became financially sound for life. The conflict between the Olympic's ideals of sportsmanship and unity and the commercialism and political acts which accompany the Games where also present in ancient times. "Sotades at the ninety-ninth Festival was victorious in the long race and proclaimed a Cretan, as in fact he was. But at the next Festival he made himself an Ephesian, being bribed to do so by the Ephesian people. For this act he was banished by the Cretans. " The first Olympic games at Olympia were held in 776 BC. According to Hippias of Elis, who compiled a list of Olympic victors c.400 BC, the only event held at the first Olympics was the stadion footrace. Scholars have speculated that the games in 776 BC were not the first games, but rather the first games held after they were organized into festivals held every four years as a result of a peace agreement between the city-states Greece. Every four years the games where started on the first full moon after the summer solstice, lasting for five days. For over 1100 years, from 776 BC to 393 AD the games where played, thousands of people ceased all warfare and flocked to a small sanctuary in northwestern Greece for five days in the late summer for a single reason, to witness the Olympic Games.

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Essay

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are quantitative and qualitative measures used to review an organization’s progress against its goals. These are broken down and set as targets for achievement by departments and individuals. The achievement of these targets is reviewed at regular intervals. KPIs are used to monitor the performance of a company, department, process or even an individual machine. They will also help shape the behaviors of employees within the company. KPIs need to be flexible and reflect the changing goals of the organization. Goals change as the organization changes in reaction to external factors or as it gets closer to achieving its original goals. Individual KPIs need to be directly linked to organization goals and objectives, or overall organization KPIs where they are used. They need to reflect organization culture and values, by indicating the types of behavior and performance the organization will recognize as ‘successful’ and reward employees for. KPIs need to be measurable and reflect a balance between operational and people orientated measures. KPIs are a fundamental component of sustaining a change process and maintaining a performance management culture. KPIs should be aligned with the organization’s vision and direction. When performance is measured, and the results are made visible, organizations can take action to improve. SMART KPIs The acronym SMART is often used to describe KPIs. Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Timely Specific KPIs need to be specific to the individual job and if possible expressed as statements of actual on-the-job behaviors. For example, a KPI should: Explain clearly to the employee what he/she has to do in terms of performance to be successful Have an impact on successful job performance, that is distinguishing between effective performance and ineffective performance  Focus on the behavior itself, rather than personality attributes such as ‘attitude to customers’. Terms such as ‘work quality’, and ‘job knowledge’ are too vague to be of much use. Measurable KPIs must be measurable, that is based on behavior that can be observed and documented, and which is job-related. They should also provide employees with ongoing feedback on their standard of performance. Achievable Performance management needs to be an open, collaborative communication process. KPIs must be seen by all that they are achievable. The KPI must be realistically achievable. If it is set too high for the circumstances (such as an ambitious production target), not only will it be irrelevant but it will ensure failure. Relevant It is essential that employees clearly understand the KPIs, and that they have the same meaning to both parties. Consultation is more likely to result in standards that are relevant and valid. Timely KPIs should have an appropriate time frame. It should be possible to collect the relevant information either ‘as it happens’ or within a short time afterwards, otherwise it will lose its relevance. As outputs of the performance management system, KPIs also need to be in alignment with other HR-related functions, including training and development, recruitment and selection, rewards and recognition, and career planning. Business aspects that require KPIs KPIs should cover every aspect of the business. Sample examples are Customer satisfaction Employee satisfaction Staff turnover Absenteeism Department/division specific measures Triple bottom line: financial, environmental and social responsibility Finance including revenue and costs OHS reporting including incidents and related costs Equipment usage and OEE Maintenance costs and effectiveness New product development & innovation Lead times and down times Quality KPI components KPIs should identify the required outcomes, for example: The minimum acceptable performance e.g. daily break even point Target performance eg desired daily output. KPIs should: Be communicated to all staff so that they are aware of how they are to be measured and how their KPIs impact on the organization as a whole Be aligned with the vision and direction of the organization Have relevant reward and recognition criteria linked to each KPI. When implementing new KPIs, having baseline data to measure improvements is very important. Progress on KPIs should be communicated at regular times to highlight emerging trends. As these trends emerge, corrective action can be implemented in a timely fashion. KPIs need to be communicated via multiple media. The measures that are selected must be carefully specified to ensure they do not cause non-lean behaviors. In many cases there will need to be a selection of measures that balance quality and quantity factors to ensure the correct behaviors are encouraged. Listed below are some examples of the behaviors and outcomes that measure in isolation can cause. Measure in isolation Behavior Outcome Production output Make more Overproduction Machine efficiency Run machine longer Run in most efficient sequence for machine Unnecessary stock Customer orders late Maintenance costs Reduction in maintenance activities to reduce costs Machine breakdowns Cash flow performance Pay suppliers as late as possible Supplier deliveries XX unreliable Creating KPIs KPIs must be designed for each proposed change to the production process so that: There is a base line measurement taken to establish a starting performance standard There are measures developed to track the team’s  performance There are measures established that can highlight any variability. This can assist in future diagnoses Reward and recognition can be effectively implemented. Before data is collected three questions need to be asked. What is the purpose of collecting this data? Will this data tell us what we want to know? Will we be able to act on the data we collect? The goal is to create an easy-to-use, accurate measurement system with as few measures as possible. The following questions need to be answered when setting up a data collection system: What type of metric is it (financial, behavioral or core-process)? Why was it selected? Where will the data be collected? How will it be collected? How often will it be collected? How often and where will the metric be displayed? Who will use it? KPI examples Some examples of measures that can be used to monitor the performance of a competitive manufacturing company are listed below. Financial Examples Costs Material costs Labor costs Operations costs Inventory Overtime Warrantee costs Cost of Sales Interest on overdraft Number of projects completed on time and on budget Revenue Sales Gross margins Return on assets or investment Product profitability Team metrics Overtime Material costs Revenue generated by team Inventory value in team’s area Number of projects completed on time and on budget Core metrics Examples OHS Lost time injuries Number of staff off work Length of time staff are off work DIFOT Delivery in full on time Quality First time through quality Yield Lead-time Order to cash in bank Raw material to dispatch Dock to dock Inventory Inventory turnover rate OEE Overall equipment effectiveness Schedule performance % Changes to the weekly schedule Value added ratio Ratio of value adding time to lead time Team metrics Turnaround time for jobs Output rates Quality rates Equipment OEE Attendance rates Schedule compliance Customer feedback Number of deadlines/milestones met Metrics relating to specific team tasks Behavioral metrics Examples Employee satisfaction Gained from regular Employee Satisfaction Surveys Staff turnover rates Participation levels in improvement activities Customer satisfaction Gained from regular Employee Satisfaction Surveys Retention rates Skill uptake Skill matrices Absenteeism Absenteeism Error rates Error rates Time spent on managing under-performing staff Team metrics Number of team meetings Members at team meetings Number of ideas generated Number of ideas implemented Total Savings generated

The Most Commonly Read Books in High School

No matter what type of high school you attend—be it public, private, magnet, charter, religious schools, or even online—reading is going be at the core of your English studies. In todays classrooms, students have a wide range of books to choose from, both modern and classics. If you compare the readings lists in all schools, you might be surprised to learn that the most commonly read books in all high schools are all very similar. Thats right! Course work for private schools and public schools (and every other school) are all very similar. No matter where you go to school, youll likely study classic authors like Shakespeare and Twain, but some more modern books are appearing on these lists, including The Color Purple and  The Giver.   Commonly Read High School Books Here are some of the books that most often appear on high school reading lists: Shakespeares Macbeth is on most schools lists. This play was mostly written when Scottish James I ascended the throne of England, much to many Englishmens chagrin, and it tells the tale of Macbeths fearful regicide and his ensuing guilt. Even students who do not relish Shakespearean English appreciate this lively tale, filled with murder, scary nights in a remote Scottish castle, battles, and a riddle that isnt solved until the end of the play.Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is also on the list. Familiar to most students because of modern updates, this tale features star-crossed lovers and adolescent impulses that appeal to most high school readers.Shakespeares Hamlet, a story of an angst-ridden prince whose father has been murdered by his uncle, also tops independent schools lists. The soliloquies in this play, including to be or not to be, and what a rogue and peasant slave am I, are known to many high school students.Julius Caesar, another Shakespeare play, is featured on many schoo ls lists. It is one of Shakespeares history plays and is about the assassination of the Roman dictator Julius Caesar in 44 B.C.Mark Twains Huckleberry Finn has been controversial since its release in the United States in 1885. While some critics and school districts have condemned or banned the book because of its perceived vulgar language and apparent racism, it often appears on high school reading lists as a skillful dissection of American racism and regionalism.The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850, is a tale of adultery and guilt set during Puritan rule of Boston. While many high school students have a difficult time wading through the sometimes dense prose, the surprise conclusion of the novel and its examination of hypocrisy often make it ultimately appealing to this audience.Many high school students enjoy F. Scott Fitzgeralds 1925 The Great Gatsby, a riveting and beautifully written tale of lust, love, greed, and class anxiety in the Roaring Twenties. Th ere are parallels to modern America, and the characters are compelling. Many students read this book in English class while they are studying American history, and the novel provides insight into the moral values of the 1920s.Harper Lees 1960 classic To Kill A Mockingbird, later made into a wonderful movie starring Gregory Peck, is, simply put, one of the best American books ever written. Its tale of injustice written through the eyes of an innocent narrator grabs most readers; it is often read in 7th, 8th, or 9th grade and sometimes later in high school. It tends to be a book students remember for a long time, if not for the rest of their lives.Homers The Odyssey, in any one of its modern translations, proves difficult going for many students, with its poetry and mythological narrative. However, many students grow to enjoy the adventure-filled tribulations of Odysseus and the insight the tale provides into the culture of ancient Greece.William Goldings 1954 novel The Lord of the Fl ies is often banned because of its essential message that evil lurks in the hearts of man–or in this case, the hearts of boys who are marooned on a deserted island and turn to violence. English teachers enjoy mining the book for its symbolism and its statements about human nature when it is unchained to society.John Steinbecks 1937 novel Of Mice and Men is a sparsely written tale of two mens friendship set during the Great Depression. Many students appreciate its simple, though sophisticated language, and its messages about friendship and the value of the poor.The youngest book on this list,  The Giver  by Lois Lowry was published in 1993 and was the 1994 Newbery Medal winner. It tells the story of a 12-year-old boy who lives in a seemingly ideal world but learns about the darkness within his community after receiving his life assignment as the Receiver.  Another more recent book, compared to many of the others on this list, is  The Color Purple. Written by Alice Walk er and first published in 1982, this novel tells the story of Celie, a young black girl born into a life of poverty and segregation. She endures incredible challenges in life, including rape and separation from her family, but eventually meets a woman who helps Celie change her life.