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Critical Instructional Components For Helping Students Learn

Introduction One of the identified critical instructional components for helping students learn to read is vocabulary. Since the National Reading Panel (2000) and the National Early Literacy Panel (2009) reported that strong early oral vocabulary knowledge is a predictor for later successful reading outcomes, an increased research and teaching focus in this area has arisen. The achievement gap that is a central concern in education and society today is associated to a â€Å"word gap† that begins early in life. Hart and Risley (1995) identified in their seminal study that by the age of four, children from low-income families hear 30 million less words than their peers from professional families. Although there are some researchers that†¦show more content†¦The guiding questions are: What are the characteristics of effective interventions that positively impact at-risk preschoolers’ vocabulary knowledge? How could preschool teachers potentially use these elements in their classrooms? Definitions At-Risk Children In their review of research, Snell et al. (2015) identify students â€Å"at-risk† as ones who are more likely to enter school behind in their language development. The intervention and control groups from the Roskos Burstein (2011) 12-week mixed methods study compared word learning of two groups of 36 (n=72) preschoolers who showed vocabulary â€Å"vulnerabilities,† which meant that the children were chosen due to low standardized vocabulary scores, low income, and/or special needs. At-risk participants (n=25) from the Loftus-Rattan, Mitchell, and Coyne (2016) one-week within-subjects design study were chosen specifically because of their attendance at an urban preschool in the northeast that had a large population of dual language learners (DLL; 88%), non-white (85%), and free or reduced-priced lunch (83%). Finally, Silverman, Crandell, and Carlis (2013) conducted their 12-weeks of research in 26 Head Start classrooms with a sample of 264 children (90% low socioeco nomic status, 79% DLL, 80% nonwhite) in order to compare the effects of vocabulary instructional

What Is Operational Risk Management, Kri And Kpi

Introduction 1.1 What is operational risk management, KRI and KPI? Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people, systems or external events where strategic, systemic and reputation risk are not included. KRI KPI: Definition of KRI - â€Å"It is a metric for measuring the likelihood that the combined probability of an event and its consequences will exceed the organization’s risk appetite and have a very negative impact on an organizations ability to be successful.† (Rouse, M. 2016) Definition of KPI - According to Investopedia it is a set of quantifiable measures that a company uses to gauge its performance over time. These metrics are used to determine a company’s progress in achieving its strategic and operational goals, and also to compare the company’s finances and performance against other businesses within its industry. 1.2 Why are these indicators important? Why KPIs are important: 1. Enables top management to monitor performance of different processes taking place at the organization with the minimum time and effort needed 2. Enables top management to check the compliance of the current performance level with the expected one. Any deviation will cause an interruption to the organization’s mission to achieve its objectives. Corrective actions will be implemented to guide performance on the expected path. 3. KPIs validate the strategic plan. By implementing the strategic plan of the organization, the vision can beShow MoreRelatedWhy Security Controls Is Important Than Which Controls You Put On A Compliance Checklist1624 Words   |  7 Pagesart and part science. By defining key controls based on cyber risks (translated into business risks), an organization can more easily right-size the its control set and adapt it to their needs. Information Security risk assessment processes that are near real-time, gated by a change control process, provide continuous feedback on the sufficiency of the controls within an organization. Cyber Risk: Any information technology risk attributable to a malicious external actor. The means of attackRead MoreCyber Threat Intelligence Based On Cyber Threats1612 Words   |  7 Pagesbusiness risks), an organization can more easily right-size the its control set and adapt it to their needs. Risk assessment processes that are near real-time, gated by the change control process, provide continuous feedback on the sufficiency of controls within an organization. Where to put controls and how to design them is more important than which controls you put on a checklist. Identifying and prioritizing key security controls, however, is part art and part science. Cyber Risk: Any informationRead MoreImpact of Operational Risk in Banking5445 Words   |  22 PagesRESEARCH PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: PROJECT RESEARCH AREA OF RESEARCH: THE IMPACT OF OPERATION OF RISK IN BANKING ASSIGNMENT: SUBMISSION OF PROJECT WORK CHAPTER ONE Email:hamsasons@yahoo.com CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This chapter reviews relevant literature on Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited, the Ghanaian Banking Industry, Regulation and Basel II, and Operation Risk Management (ORM). Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited Standard Chartered Bank Ghana Limited (SCBGL)Read MoreERM Study Notes Essay8310 Words   |  34 Pagesand Thrive 1. What is an unintended consequence of shorter CEO tenure relative to decades earlier? The unintended consequences of shorter CEO tenure are this can make the CEO overly risk averse. It makes CEO decisions more conventional and less risk taking is involved. Also CEO’s focus more on short-term goals than long term. 2. What are some barriers to the board’s effectiveness in risk oversight? Boards members rarely have an understanding of key enterprise strategies or risks. They have noRead MoreRisk Mitigation5105 Words   |  21 PagesTurning risk into results How leading companies use risk management to fuel better performance Our RISK vision Results. Improvements. Strategies. Knowledge. Contents Introduction: managing risk What differentiates for better performance ....................... 1 top performers? .................................. 5 Substantial investments made by companies often do not address more strategic business risk areas. As a result, senior executives may not perceive risk management as strategicRead MoreOperational Risk Management50825 Words   |  204 Pages≈√ F M A G u i d e l i n e s on Operational Risk Management These guidelines were prepared by the Oesterreichische Nationalbank in cooperation with the Financial Market Authority Published by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) Otto-Wagner-Platz 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria Austrian Financial Market Authority (FMA) Praterstraße 23, 1020 Vienna, Austria Produced by: Oesterreichische Nationalbank Editor in chief: Gà ¼nther Thonabauer, Communications Division (OeNB) Barbara Nà ¶sslinger

Organization Gains A Competitive Advantage-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Organization Gains A Competitive Advantage? Answer: Introduction Chris and Richards Legal Support (CRLS) is a family based company that provides free legal support advice to the local community. The organization is headed by Chris and his son Richard, both law professionals. Richard has specialized in the provision of legal advice to the disadvantaged people in the society. The company raises finances through fundraising from donors, well-wishers, and volunteer workers. Currently, the organization has grown to establish more branches and recruit more volunteer lawyers to increase in its services. The expansion of the CRLS has created the need for the incorporation of the information systems to help handle in smoothening the operations of the organization, especially the cloud based ERP. Therefore, there is the need for the management to understand the benefits and challenges of the cloud based ERP. Organizational Change in CRLS Organizational change refers to the process of review and modification of the existing management structures and the business workflow and processes. The change is critical to the success of every organization and has become an inevitable aspect for those that want to stay ahead of their competitors in business. Some companies fear to embrace change, and this makes them loose their competitive advantage, reduced profitability, and the sustainability and thus low growth and even business exit. Therefore, it is important for the management of the CRLS to embrace organizational change since it will bring about efficiency which will, in turn, help the organization increase profitability and sustainability due to increased competitive advantage (Curko, Stepanic, and Varga, 2012, pp. 206-214). There are key drivers towards organizational change. These are the factors that necessitate the companys review its management structures, processes, and the workflows. The most common drivers in businesses include the consumer demand, the economic conditions, and information technology and government policies among many others. Currently, most business change is driven by new technologies. The emergence of information systems has led to the creation of new business models which have played a critical role in enhancing efficiency in the operations of businesses. The step by the CRLS to embrace the cloud-based ERP is important since it is likely to impact positively to the organization (Mostafa andSamar, 2016, pp.487-515). The management of the CRLS should make all the possible efforts to support the process of embracing the IT enabled change because it will help the CRLS move to another step of growth. The process demands the full support of all the stakeholders in the process and a strict adherence to the implementation. These strategies will help the CRLS to get the best out of the information systems for their profitability (Craig, 2013). Also, the organization will be able to escape the risks that may arise due to failure to align the requirements with the goals of CRLS thus, meet all the organizational needs. Besides, the company will be able to produce all the requirements of the management structure and the process thus avoid risks that may arise due to inadequate requirement collection. Alignment of an ERP with the organizations goals One of the major targets of ERP implementation is to align the system with the goals of the organization. The target is challenging to achieve and demands for a careful implementation of a change management plan. The ERP should be implemented in such a way that it works towards achieving the goals of the organization. At CRLS, there is need to gather all the requirements to ensure that there is an alignment of the system with business processes and the company can coordinate the work of the lawyers in the three branch offices (Information technology department of Poole College of Management at North Carolina State University, 2015). For the CRL to achieve this, the organization needs to consider the aspects of training among other factors for its success. Training is a critical aspect for the CRLS to align its cloud based ERP. All the lawyers for working in the organization should be informed about what is going to be done, how it is going to be done and their role in the implementation. Training should cut across all the stakeholders in the organization to gain their support and reduce resistance in implementation. Also, CRLS must consider engaging the stakeholders in every available way. Every move should engage and involve the stakeholders the ERP through all the possible ways (Dong, 2013). Also, successful alignment of the successful alignment of the ERP with the goals of the CRLS can be enhanced through proper communication to the involved stakeholders throughout the process. This is an essential aspect that CRLS must put on the frontline. Communication reduces misunderstandings within the implementation process that could otherwise drag down the process (NIST, 2016). Communication also helps in efficiency in the coordination of activities between the stakeholders thus, an admirable aspect. Therefore, the CRLS company needs to have a well-established communication plan to be used in the implementation process to ensure that all the stakeholders are in touch and up to date with the implementation process (Habib, 2013). Issues that may arise due to incomplete requirement elicitation or misalignment with the business strategy The process of ERP implementation should always be conducted carefully to ensure that the company achieves an alignment between the system and the organizational strategy. Adoption of an appropriate strategy helps the organization to escape serious risks, damages, and losses that may befall it due to poor implementation. There are many issues that are associated the incomplete elicitation of requirements or the misalignment with the information business strategy. These issues can bring a loss to the organization, reduces its competitive advantage (Khaparde, 2012, pp. 49-91). Some of these issues include can affect the company both socially and economically. Therefore, the management should understand these potential ERP issues and work towards avoiding them in every way possible. Firstly, poor requirement elicitation and misalignment of the ERP with organizational strategy leads to development of a product that does not meet the organizations requirements. This is a loss to the organization and must be avoided to the highest level possible (Adnan and Svensson, 2015, pp. 461- 486). The gap that exist between the organizational strategy and the functional performance of the system must be bridged since delivering a product which does not satisfy the organizational needs is not economical and thus saves money. In as much as the ERP is expensive, it is evident that it is one of the best the best ways that the organization can use to save cost (Motiwalla and Thompson, 2012). The misalignment of the ERP system implementation with business strategy can have the negative impact on the people involved. The efficiency of people in performing their operations is greatly reduced, and this lowers their productivity. If misaligned, the efficiency of the lawyers at the CRLS is likely to go down mainly because of the system (Daryna, 2013). This is likely to demoralize them in their duties because it will be difficult and discourage to us e the system that doesn't fulfill the needs of their duties or rather does not flow as per their normal workflows (Serban, 2015). Cloud Based ERP for the CRLS A cloud based ERP is an information system solution that uses the internet to deliver the information system needs to the organization. Therefore, approach utilizes the internet in the provision of the computing resources which include the memory, disk storage among many other computing resources in running several applications which help the organization solve its information system needs. Cloud based ERP is also called the Software as a Service (SaaS) or on-demand computing. From a traditional approach, the ERP is made local and hosted at the local premise by the organization, however, in this case, the company will have all the resources residing at a remote location and thus, can only be accessed by use of the internet (Kornkaew, 2012). When the CRLS implement the Cloud based ERP, the organization will not need the computing resources at their premises because the service provider will provide them remotely. The stakeholders of the CRLS will be in a better position to access the ERP from any point on the globe by use of the internet (Uay, Pang, Hestermann and Montgomery, 2015). The lawyers will log in to the system using any computer with internet from wherever they will be located. Reports will be submitted to the cloud ERP with the use of the internet and again retrieved anytime from any place once connected to the internet. The CRLS will not need to buy the infrastructure or maintain them, but it will rather have to trust the information with the cloud providers who will supply and the computing resources and maintain the required hardware (ISACA, 2012). Benefits of Cloud based ERP to the CRLS There are a range of benefits that the CRLS is likely to gain if it embraces the cloud based ERP. Firstly, the CRLs will reasonably cut down its operational costs. The cloud based ERP is one of the proofed information system approaches that reduce the costs to the organization. The CRLS will save the costs of acquiring the infrastructure required to offer the services on premise ERP. The cost for IT support services is also avoided eliminates the payments for the upfront licenses for the software and also shrinks the maintenance costs for the applications (Laisasikorn and Rampho, 2014, pp. 173-186). The cost saving behavior of the cloud based ERP is enhanced through paying for the computing resources that are only needed, faster process of deployment among others. The CRLS will also enjoy confidence in their data because the cloud providers back the data for the organization and provide security of attack. Besides, the staff of the CRLS will enjoy the ability of the Cloud based ERP to be accessed from anywhere on the globe just by the use of the internet (Crumbly and Fryling, 2012). Disadvantages of the Cloud Based ERP for the CRS In as much as the cloud based ERP seems to be the most appropriate solution to the operation the CRLS Company, the approach is also associated by some downfalls. Firstly, with this approach, there are issues with security and confidentiality. The data security of this law firm will be in the hands of the cloud providers and thus a risk especially to the confidentiality of this information because the providers have access to all the confidential documents from the company. Also, the risks of data loss are all left in the hands of the providers unlike in the on-premise ERP (Terje, 2016, pp. 1-13). Also, there is a high dependability on the internet. The ERP cannot be available without the internet and this reduces its performance. Thus, it is important for the management of the CRLS to understand both sides of the coin for an amicable decision. Risks associated with BPR and ERP customization There are various risks that are associated with the activities for the re-engineering the existing company processes tin the process of implementing the ERP. Firstly, there is a risk of management heterogeneity. The success of the BPR a good coordination between the processes, the people and the technology and this has been challenging to the management in most cases. The BPR and ERP customization also faces the challenges of vague methodology. Picking the right methodology is always challenging, and this usually leads to the failure of the BPR. Successful BPR lies in the proper approaches to help go for the right methodologies (PMIs Pulse of the Profession, 2013). Another risk that faces the BPR and the ERP implementation is the employee commitment. In many cases of the ERP change in the company, it is massive, and thus, there is non-awareness among the employees. This is risky to the success of the BPR and ERP customization. Also, there is a risk and change on the focused objectives. Usually, most companies expect the process re-engineering to yield immediately within the short term which is not possible (PMIs Pulse of the Profession, 2015). The BPR and Customized ERP takes time to deliver the best results to the organization. Lastly, the process of BPR and ERP customization faces risks that emanate from improper training. The employees and other involved stakeholders need to receive adequate training for them to make the exercise successful. Organizational Commitment During the ERP implementation The success of the ERP implementation is greatly determined by the level of commitment of the organization towards its success. The project leader must have all the strategies in place that are likely to ensure that the support of the entire organization for the ERP is won. It is important that the executive team of the organization supports the ERP implementation process to avoid failure. The senior executives oversee setting the business strategies thus they understand the direction in which the company follows (Liela and Verdina, 2012, pp. 233). All types of staff must be committed towards the implementation of the ERP. The CRLS need to implement the system in the best way possible. The project manager for the ERP implementation at the CRLs should ensure that the Chris and Richard support the project all the possible ways. These are the senior management who understands the business strategy more than any other. Besides, all the lawyers must understand their role in the change and support the implementation of the system. Failure to win support from all kinds of people will lead to resistance from the team due to fear from poor communications (Sanderson, 2012, pp. 432-443). Current Business Processes at the CRLS The business processes of an organization define the steps defined in the process through which the company carries out its activities. Currently, in defining the business process at the CRL, the company receives the donations from the donors and then uses it to provide legal support to the poor. With the three branch offices of the company, there is manual coordination to monitor the performance of these offices. Chris and Richard have the responsibility of ensuring the coordination and performance of thee offices. The lawyers have areas of specialization recorded in books and the type of cases that they handle. Also, in the current processes, the books are kept that are used to track the clients who come to the company for services, where they come from, the services that were offered, duration among many others. The current process also facilitates for the manual tracking of cases that are pending. The records in the current processes help understand the patterns that are formed in the process of satisfying the customers thus very important. These processes play a role in satisfying the clients through the provision of the best services to them (Goeun, 2013). Proposed Changes in the Business Processes When the CRLS embraces the cloud based ERP, there are going to be changed in their existing business processes. The modifications will be mainly in the process of shifting from the manual system towards the use the information system. For example, with the new ERP system, there will be no more recording in books but now data entry into the ERP. Books will be replaced with the system that will have a role of storing all the information for the company. Also, rather than reading books and drawing the important patterns, the system will be there to provide the services reporting to the organization. Therefore, the ERP will transform the existing processes of the CRL into automation. Conclusion In conclusion, the ERP system is an essential aspect of the modern business. The system saves the cost to the organization and thus gives it a competitive advantage over other players in the industry. However, for successful implementation of this system by a given organization demands for a careful planning for the exercise to ensure that the project delivers the best product. This is usually the best coordination between the process and the people. Well managed process changes in organizations have a positive impact on these companies. References Adnan, C. and Svensson, A. (2015). Adoption of the ERP system for operations management in SMEs. School of Business. Economics and IT, University West, pp. 461- 486. Craig, H. (2013). A study of uncertainty and the risk management practice relative to perceived project complexity. Bond University. Crumbly, J., and Fryling, M. (Nov 2012). Rocky Relationships: Enterprise Resource Planning and the Supply Chain Management. Paper presented at the Conference on Information Systems Applied Research (CONISAR), New Orleans, Curko, K., Stepanic, D. and Varga M. (2012). Strategic and tactical success factors in ERP system implementation. International journal of computers Issue 4, pp. 206-214 Daryna B. (2013). Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems. Point of View of Consultants Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Division of Construction Management Chalmers university of technology, Gteborg, Sweden, Master's Thesis 2013:128 Dong, L. (2013). A Model for Enterprise Systems Implementation: Top Management Influences On Implementation Effectiveness. Paper presented at the Americas Conference on the Information Systems (AMCIS), Long Beach, CA Goeun, S. (2013). Challenges in the Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in the Large Organizations: Similarities and Differences between Corporate and University Environment. Working Paper CISL# 2013-07 Habib, M. (2013). Understanding the Critical Success and Failure Factors of Business Process Reengineering. International Review of Management and Business Research, Vol. 2 Issue.1. ISSN: 2306-9007 Information technology department of Poole College of Management at North Carolina State University. (2015). ERP risk research survey ISACA. (2012). COBIT 5: A business framework for the governance and management of enterprise IT. Rolling Meadows. IL: ISACA Khaparde, M. (2012). Barriers of ERP while implementing ERP. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and the Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) ISSN: 2278-1684 Volume 3, pp. 49-91 Kornkaew, A. (2012). Management Information System Implementation Challenges, Success Key Issues, Effects and Consequences. Masters Thesis within Military Logistics Laisasikorn, K. and Rampho, N. (2014). A Study of the Relationship between a Successful Enterprise Risk Management System. An Exploratory Study. Journal of Service Research, pp. 173-186. Liela E. and Verdina A. (2012). Assessment and problems of projects implemented by companies and co-financed by the European Union funds in Latvia. European Integration Studies, pp. 233 Mostafa, K. andSamar, M. (2016). "ERP and organizational change: A case study examining implementation of accounting modules," International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 24 Issue: 3, pp.487-515 Motiwalla L. and Thompson J. (2012). Enterprise Systems for Management, 2nd Edition NIST (2016). Guide for Applying Risk Management Framework to Information Systems: A Security Life Cycle Approach. NIST Special Publication 800-37, Rev 1 PMIs Pulse of the Profession (2013). In-Depth Report: The Essential Role of the Communications provides that eye-opening insight. PMIs Pulse of the Profession (2015). Capturing the value of project management. Sanderson, J. (2012). Risk, uncertainty, and governance in mega projects. A critical discussion of alternative explanations. International Journal of Project Management, pp. 432-443 Serban, A. (2015). Managing Transformation: Business Process Reengineering or the Total Quality Management. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 5, No. 5 ISSN: 2222-6990 Terje A. (2016). Risk assessment and the risk management. Review of recent advances on their foundation European Journal of Operational Research; Volume 253, Issue 1, pp. 113 Uay, M., Pang C., Hestermann C. and Montgomery N. (2015). Magic Quadrant for Single-Instance ERP, Gartner, ID: G00272540

American Ownership of Canada essays

American Ownership of Canada essays In 1867 Canada was heading down the road of autonomy, in 1931 Canada gained further independence from the empire by negotiating and signing the Treaty of Westminster. But within a period of a few short years of moving away from one empire we just backed into another one. As many of us know today Canada is known to many as an American satellite state. How did this happen, how did a country looking to gain greater autonomy end up having the greatest amount of foreign ownership then any other industrial country in the world. I will examine the early history of the relationship between Canada and America and examine some of the key events that bound Canada to the United States. I will mainly cover the years 1930 to the cold war era and examine what impact the close relationship has had on Canada and how the different authors feel this has affected Canadians today. When the 1930s came around the Canadian economy took a downward spiral. It was not unusual in a capitalist economy to experience short, sharp fluctuation in the economy but this time it was different (Norrie and Owram 353). By this time Canada was already dependent on the U.S, as a large part of its exports depended on the United States. Canadas share of the new economic era was created by a resource boom that was inspired by demand in the United States, now with no demand the economic situation wasnt looking good for Canada (Thompson and Randall 109). By the time the 30s came to a close things werent looking to get any better as another World War was on the brink. The situation in 1940 looked pretty bleak in terms of Canadas position in the Second World War, both in the defence of Britain and in the defence of Canadian soil itself. The Canadian Prime Minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, had two choices, either continue to support the British cause and hope for the best, or look f or an ally to who would be willing to defend both Canada and ...

Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay

Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay Example Value of Wild Animal Fur Sociology Essay Example Several million years ago, when the primitive people lived, primordial humans killed animals to survive and warm with the help of their skins. Then, it was justified by a wild way of life and severe climate in which they could have died. In todays world, the use of leather and the fur production cause a negative reaction among environmentalists. Wild Animal Fur Should Not Be Valued In many aspects, they are right. The huge demand for natural beautiful fur leads to disappearance of many species of animals. That is why artificial fur is increasingly gaining popularity. Moreover, the production of fur clothing contributes to extensive poaching as rare and endangered species of animals are killed because of their skins and fur for sale and profit. In addition, animals are slain with special cruelty. Tragically, some of the animals are killed with the use of poisons and electricity in order not to damage the fur. It is also absolutely immoral to practice stripping of skins from live animals. Buying fur products, people often do not think about torments of animals shedding their blood for the sake of fashion. Despite the high value of animal fur as a symbol of beauty, warmness, and wealth, it should not be valued as its use reduces the wild animal species and contributes to the cruelty and violence toward the latter. History of Fur Use Fur is perhaps the oldest clothes in the history of mankind. Animal skins were worn by primitive people living on the European continent thousands years ago. In Ancient Greece and Rome, fur had no popularity. On the territory of these countries, it first came into use only after the conquest of Europe by the barbarians. In the Middle Ages, fur was worn only by the nobles and the rich people. The most expensive was minever and marten. The start of common fur fashion was in the 16th century. It was the time of trade, which made fur one of the most precious materials, along with spices and gold. However, it was worn by men only. In the 19th century, fur became an indicator not only of social status but also of age. It was meticulously chosen and worn on special occasions only. In the 20th century, fur became the object of interest in design. In the early 1900s, Jeanne Paquin and Paul Poiret began to include fur outer clothing in their collection. Fur boom was caused by the development of production of the first car. In these machines, the top was open, and warm clothing was necessary for the movement. The popularity of fur did not disappear until the Great Depression. Movement against Fur In 1980, the first organization in the history of mankind was founded to fight for the rights of animals in the United States (All about PETA). It was called People for Ethical Treatment to Animals (PETA). Since its inception, PETA has been famous by its loud advertising campaign with nude stars and models under the slogan that it was better to go naked than wear fur. In 1980s, fur felt into disgrace, which had an enormous scale: the rejection of animal cruelty was promoted on television, radio, and in lectures at universities, books and films (All about PETA). More famous people were getting connected to the anti-fur movement. This situation significantly boosted the production of artificial fur. It began to reach the popularity level of natural fur. This trend against the human desire and for the conscious consumption, promoting the infliction of the least possible damage to nature, is continuing today. Arguments against the Use of Natural Fur One of the main reasons not to wear fur is animal suffering. Any animal is exposed to severe conditions and dreadful death. Buying products that are made of natural fur and leather contributes to the brutal killing of other animals that have the same right to life as people. In most areas of the planet, one can easily live without fur coats. There are many other warm materials, down clothing, woven or knitted woolen clothing. Leather jackets and coats are heavy and bad-smelling. Today, millions of animals are killed for their skins (Linzey, 2002). There is an ethical issue of using astrakhan and cramps. This is a generally abhorrent practice to interrupt the pregnancy of animals, and both the mother and the baby are killed in order to get baby’s fur that has not been completely formed. On fur farms, such animals as sables, foxes, raccoons, and even bobcats are grown. Their stay is associated with large implications to health. The cells are close; animals are deprived of the opportunity to exercise their instincts; and many go crazy from stress, pain, and disgusting food, beginning to chew their limbs (Linzey, 2002). Animals in captivity are characterized by particular neurotic behavior, including the throwing from side to side, circling, and self-mutilation (Broom Nimon, 2001, p.241). The animals are constantly beating on the cell walls, causing themselves physical pain. Foxes in cages often resort to cannibalism. Broom and Nimon (2001) found that foxes in fur farms were characterized by a high level of fear and suffered from problems with reproduction functions (242). Although some animals die from diseases, stress, and self-mutilation, a sufficient number survives for slaughter and subsequently brings huge profits to its owners. On fur farms, there are aquatic animals that have no access to water in the conditions of the farms. Mason et.al. (2008) studied the conditions of minks at fur farms. He emphasized that these animals released the stress hormone when they were prevented from swimming (36). Moreover, there is a horrible method of obtaining astrakhan and karakulcha. Karakul is a skin of newborn lambs (2-3 days after birth). Karakulcha is a skin of prematurely ‘born’ lamb. The breeders simply cut the pregnant sheep and take lambs out of it. To r eceive the fur of karakul, an incision is made at the head of the live lamb, and then it is shaken out from the skin. Apart from fur farms, a practice of placing traps is still used (Linzey, 2002). Having stuck in a trap, the animal suffers waiting for its killer (hunter). The beavers, muskrats, raccoons, opossums, skunks, foxes are the main targets for hunters. In many countries, hunters are also obliged to mark their traps with information about a specific hunter and recommend checking their traps every day, but even a short period of time will seem like an eternity for the animal due to unbearable pain. Some animals even bite off their own limbs in order to save lives. Several states in the United States and many other countries imposed ban on the traps, which are known for the cruelty. However, hunters can easily evade the ban by other no less barbaric types of traps. If a hunter finds a captured animal still alive, it is usually beaten to death. Shooting is not accepted as, in this case, the hunter would risk damaging the skin. Therefore, buying fur and leather products, people are sponsoring t he killing of animals, causing heavy damage to the outside world. Moreover, the prisoners of traps are often unintended victims: birds, porcupines, deer, cats, dogs, and other animals that become maimed or killed. It is a commonplace that animals that are listed in the list of endangered species are killed in these cruel traps. Also, there is a danger of children’s getting into the trap. A few years ago, Canadian fishermen killed hundreds of thousands of harp seal pups in front of their mothers. Therefore, the Canadian government reduced the number of seals that were permitted to be slaughtered, decreasing the quota to 400,000 heads in 2012 (Myth and facts about Canada’s seal slaughter, n.d.). The process of slaughtering turned into an annual show, which caused a massive hype and hostility on the part of animal rights organizations and the media, trying to document the carnage. The Canadian government and the sealers try to block access to the area where the massacre is performed in order to avoid publicity. In 1987, the Canadian government was forced to pass a law that authorized the killing of seals just over two weeks. They are considered adults, even though they are so small that they are not able to swim and cannot be saved. In 2001, veterinarians who inspected the skull of seals came to the conclusion that â€Å"more than 40% of the seals were still con scious and were alive when they were skinned† (Myth and facts about Canada’s seal slaughter, n.d.). Fur is not the only material for sewing warm clothing. Today, there are warm synthetic materials. The preparation of fur also contributes to the pollution of the environment. Many chemicals (paints based on cyanide, formaldehyde, and others) are used during the fur handling. This certainly makes it serve longer, preserving the color, lightness, softness, and luxurious curvy shape. However, it affects person not in the best way. Often, chromium, which can lead to allergies, is used for processing fur. Another argument against fur is energy which is transferred to the owner of fur. Often, animals die slowly and suffer before death. When the animals feel fear and suffer, they release adrenaline that enters the bloodstream and is absorbed into the skin; so, the information of fear can be transmitted to a man and manifested in excessive anxiety and even neurosis. Advantages of Artificial Fur Today, few people doubt the fact that the fur can be easily replaceable. There are plenty of alternative technologies. If a lot of fur clothes in the wardrobe are made of artificial fur, a man can wear them with a clear conscience. The products that are made of such fur are a relatively budgetary purchase, which many people can afford. Low price is based on the fact that the use of synthetic fibers is less expensive to manufacture. Consequently, the price of artificial fur is much cheaper than of the natural one. Today, the production of eco-fur reached a high level and is in no way inferior to the production technologies of things that are made of natural fur. Products retain the novelty for a long time, are beautiful and shiny, easy to clean, and do not require special storage conditions. Things of faux fur look great in any color and authentically like natural fur. Meanwhile, the colored natural fur loses a lot of quality, which has a negative impact on its appearance. Certainly, there are several disadvantages of artificial fur. It is made of acrylic and polyacrylic polymers, which contain petroleum, coal, and limestone. Certainly, faux fur has reduced frost resistance. However, today, designers and scientists are still working, trying to improve the quality of ‘ethical’ fur. Externally, natural and artificial fur is almost impossible to distinguish, but the natural one is softer and more pleasant to the touch. Nevertheless, the advantages of natural fur in comparison with the artificial one have no significance as its use has serious consequences to the environment. Therefore, it is important to provide essential reforms to change the attitude to animals. People should revalue the life of animals and the desire to wear fashionable clothes. There are many compelling reasons to not use fur. Its wearing really cannot be justified, unless a person lives in a country with an extremely cold climate and fur is the only thing that can keep warm. The fur industry is terribly cruel causing a lot of suffering. Its purpose is to satisfy human vanity. Fur has become a symbol of luxury rather than a means to protect against the cold. People use coats and faux fur coats to keep warm. These products are also characterized by beauty and elegance. As fur clothes are made due to animals’ suffering, violence, and cruelty, it is important to recognize the harm of its production to the environment as well as change the attitude and perception of its value. The use of fur in the 21st century, the century of nanotechnology, space flights, and other breakthroughs, is considered simply illegal. People of the 21st century should seek to humanity rather than the perverted sadism. People must move away from the murder of animals as a source of luxury and find more civilized and acceptable methods.

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower Essay - 1

Ethic report for wind and solar and hydropower - Essay Example an be produced in different scales namely; large hydro (more than 10megawatts), small hydro (upto10 megawatts), micro hydro (up to 100kw) and pico hydro (up to 5kw). One major advantage of hydroelectric power is that the operational cost of a hydroelectric plant is almost immune to the increase in the cost of fossils fuel and, more so, absolutely no imports are required for the same. Hydropower is a clean source of energy with absolutely no emissions of Carbon Dioxide, and, therefore, no pollution to the environment. Global warming is also minimized. The hydropower dams can be used as a habitat for some fish and wildlife. More so, the water can be used for irrigation purposes, and they also make the surrounding area around fertile (Scheer 45). Additionally, electricity can be produced at a constant rate and electricity generation can be stopped when it is not needed by closing sluice gates. Therefore, water can be stored for some time when there is less demand for electricity. Since dams can stay for a longer period of time it can be used to store water there is no high demand of power (Somma 56). Besides the advantages, there exist demerits of hydropower. The turbines used can have negative effect on the fish population as in some fish are killed as water go through the turbine. A dam therefore, changes wildlife and fish in a place as well as landscape. More so, hydropower has an impact on local population. Individuals who live in places that are flooded are forced to move out of their places, thus farms and businesses may be lost. People, at times, may be forced to move out their residential to give space for dam construction. Additionally, dams consume a lot of space for their construction and are usually constructed on marginalized land that is wooded. Therefore, it is necessary to cut down trees, which can be dangerous to our environment since the trees act as carbon dioxide sinks which may be harmful. This may be risky to an environment. Finally, on it is